学习与记忆-神经科学百科全书-13

本书特色

《神经科学百科全书》旨在将本学科丰富多元的内容条理化并仔细介绍，从而推动不同学术分支之间的沟通，提供权威的信息来源。该书面向较为广泛的读者群体，既包括初入神经科学研究的学生，也包括寻求特定专题知识的普通读者。无论是神经科学家，还是正在学习神经科学的本科生和研究生，或生命科学领域的教师、科普作家，都会从该参考书中获益。此为本套书的第13册，内容为学习与记忆。

内容简介

《神经科学百科全书》原书篇幅巨大，为所有神经科学百科全书之首。书中覆盖了神经科学全部主要领域，由来自世界各地的2400多位专家撰稿人合力打造。每个词条在收入书中之前均经过顾问委员会的同行评议，词条中均含有词汇表、引言、参考文献和丰富的交叉参考内容。其内容平易而深度和广度独一无二。主编larry r.squire为美国神经科学学会前主席，畅销教科书《基础神经科学》(fundamental neuroscience)的策划人与主编。

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插图：Another training parameter that affects memory induction is neuronal activity. In the sensitization experiments described above, one site on the tail is used to test the reflex, and shock is applied to another site; thus the sensory neurons （SNs） at the test site do not fire during the tail shock. This form of sensitiza-tion is termed 'repeated-trial' （RT） sensitization.However, the shock site itself also shows sensitiza-tion, and this 'site-specific' sensitization differs fromRT sensitization in that ITM induction requires only asingle shock. Related to the relationship between trial numberand pattern is the question of how a prior learningexperience influences later training. Recently, twoforms of latent learning have been described in theT-SWR. Latent learning is a phenomenon in whichlearning-related changes occur, but these changesare subthreshold for detection by memory tests. Thepresence of latent learning is typically revealed as afacilitation of subsequent memory formation, oftencalled savings. In one study, LTM was induced andthen allowed to decay. After the T-SWR returned tobaseline （the memory was 'forgotten'）, animals weregiven stimulation that typically produces no learning.In previously trained animals, this stimulus patterninduced both ITM and LTM. In the second study,LTM was induced ipsilaterally, after which, animalswere given a brief shock that is below threshold forinduction of sensitization in otherwise untrained ani-mals. This stimulus, given to the contralateral side,induced sensitization in previously trained animals.