婴幼儿常见疾病家庭护理

宝宝体质的种类 ···············································································22宝宝体质的测评 ···············································································22根据体质调理身体 ············································································23 第三节看一看：宝宝表现是否异常 ···································24 看大便 ··························································································24看哭泣方式 ····················································································26看食欲 ··························································································27看排尿 ··························································································28 3 看脸色 ··························································································29 第四节测一测：宝宝各项生命体征是否正常 ··················30 测体温 ··························································································30测呼吸 ··························································································32测脉搏 ··························································································33测血压 ··························································································34 第五节检一检：保证宝宝健康的基础 ·······························36 带宝宝定期体检的意义 ······································································36宝宝体检前需要做哪些准备 ································································36医生为宝宝做体检的步骤 ···································································38 0～3岁宝宝要做的体检 ······································································39 第六节免疫接种：为宝宝撑起健康的保护伞 ···················41 疫苗的种类和接种时间 ······································································41 专题宝宝需进行体格锻炼 ···················································45 户外活动 ·······················································································45适当的空气浴和日光浴 ······································································45浴后按摩 ·······················································································45婴儿体操 ·······················································································46 新生儿常见问题 ······································································48 吐奶和溢奶 ····················································································48鼻塞 ·····························································································50尿布疹 ··························································································52斜颈 ·····························································································55打嗝 ·····························································································56 发稀和枕秃 ···························· 58体重下降 ······························· 59乳腺肿胀 ······························· 60马牙 ····································· 61新生女婴阴道流血 ···················· 62脱水热 ·································· 63脱皮 ···································· ·64新生儿红斑 ···························· 65新生儿其他常见问题 ················· 66 新生儿常见疾病 ·············· 68 鹅口疮 ································· 68脓疱疮 ·································· 69病理性黄疸 ···························· 70脐疝 ····································· 71脐炎 ····································· 72硬肿症 ·································· 74破伤风 ·································· 76结膜炎 ·································· 77肺炎 ····································· 78肝炎综合征 ···························· 81化脓性脑膜炎 ························· 82新生儿窒息 ···························· 83新生儿腹泻 ···························· 84低血糖 ·································· 86低血钙 ·································· 87坏死性小肠结肠炎 ···················· 88新生儿出血症 ························· 89败血症 ·································· 90 专题一如何给新生儿洗澡 ·································· 92 5 洗澡的频率 ····················································································92适宜洗澡的时间 ···············································································92洗澡前的准备 ·················································································92洗澡的步骤 ····················································································93注意事项 ·······················································································93 专题二母乳及人工喂养须知 ····································· 94 授乳时的正确姿势 ············································································94怎样使乳汁充足 ···············································································95怎样选择奶瓶、奶嘴 ·········································································95 传染性疾病 ··············································································98 流行性腮腺炎 ·················································································98沙眼 ·····························································································99 流行性感冒 ··················································· ················ 100手足口病 ·············· 102麻疹 104风疹 ······················································ 105水痘 ········· 106红眼病 108百日咳 ························································································ 110猩红热 ························································································ 112细菌性痢疾 ·················································································· 114传染性肝炎 ·················································································· 116乙脑 ··························································································· 118普通感冒 ····················································································· 119 呼吸系统疾病 ········································································122 消化系统疾病 ············ ·········· ······························136 咳嗽 ··························································································· 122哮喘 ··························································································· 126急性支气管炎 ···································· ········································· 128肺结核 ········································ 130急性喉炎 132扁桃体炎 134 蛔虫病 ························································································ 136蛲虫病 ························································································ 138厌食 ··························································································· 139积食 ··························································································· 142 秋季腹泻 ····················································································· 144 肠炎 ··························································································· 147 便秘 ··························································································· 148 急性阑尾炎 ·················································································· 152 胃炎 ··························································································· 154 急性肠胃炎 ·················································································· 156 反复发作性腹痛 ············································································· 158 腹股沟疝气 ·················································································· 160 肠套叠 ························································································ 162肠梗阻 ····························· 164口腔溃疡 ·························· 166消化性溃疡病 ···················· 168肛裂 ································· 170脱肛 ································ 172 皮肤疾病 ····················· 174 湿疹 ································· 174荨麻疹 ······························ 180过敏性紫癜 ······················· 183玫瑰疹 ······························ 184药疹 ································· 186脚气 ································· 188接触性皮炎 ······················· 189脂溢性皮炎 ························ 190痱子 ································· 192冻疮 ································· 194传染性红斑 ························ 195 眼部疾病 ····················· 196 婴幼儿斜视 ······················· 196弱视 ································ 198麦粒肿 ····························· 200 8 泪囊炎 ························································································ 202倒睫 ··························································································· 203 耳、鼻、口腔疾病 ································································204 龋齿 ··························································································· 204口角炎 ························································································ 207 捂热综合征 ·················································································· 233冰箱综合征 ·················································································· 234空调病 ························································································ 235电视病 ························································································ 236 专题一儿科疾病护理原则及补水方法 ·····························238 宝宝生病时的护理原则 ···································································· 238宝宝生病期间补水的学问 ································································· 239 专题二儿科疾病的特殊饮食 ·············································240 乳品 ··························································································· 240一般膳食 ····················································································· 240特殊饮食 ····················································································· 241检查前饮食 ·················································································· 241 专题三家常消毒法 ·····························································242 日光消毒法 ·················································································· 242蒸笼消毒法 ·················································································· 242煮沸消毒法 ·················································································· 242食醋消毒法 ·················································································· 242药物消毒法 ·················································································· 242 **节宝宝意外伤害的急救知识 ·····································244 家庭急救知识储备 ·········································································· 244现场急救原则 ··············································································· 245家庭常用止血方法 ·········································································· 246人工呼吸法 ·················································································· 247 第二节宝宝常见意外的急救 ·············································248 食物中毒 ····················································································· 248划割伤 ························································································ 249头部撞伤 ····················································································· 250烧烫伤 ························································································ 252关节扭伤 253蚊虫咬伤 254蜂虫蛰伤 ····················································································· 255宠物咬伤或抓伤 ············································································· 256手指被夹 ····················································································· 257骨折 ··························································································· 258气管进异物 ·················································································· 259 专题一专家教你用心肺复苏术（CPR）为宝宝急救 ·····262 走近 CPR ····················································································· 262 CPR的操作方法 ············································································· 262宝宝昏迷时的 CPR急救 ···································································· 262 专题二宝宝休克和重度脱水时怎么办 ·····························264 休克 ··························································································· 264重度脱水 ····················································································· 265 专题三宝宝的乘车安全不能马虎 ·····································266 存在危险的情况 ············································································· 266预防措施 ···················································································· 266选购汽车座椅的注意事项 ································································· 266 **节就医指南 ——宝宝看病有学问 ···························268 出现哪些情况家长需重视 ································································· 268什么情况需就医急诊 ······································································· 268 医院的选择 ·················································································· 269就诊前的准备 ··············································································· 270如何挂号、挂什么科 ······································································· 270候诊时应注意什么 ·········································································· 273诊治时如何诉说宝宝的病情 ······························································ 273就诊时的注意事项 ········································································ 274结束就诊前要问些什么 ···································································· 275 第二节用药常识 ——给宝宝的爱心小药箱 ·····················276 宝宝用药特点与用药途径 ································································· 276宝宝安全用药的注意事项 ································································· 278宝宝服用药物的剂量与时间 ······························································ 279怎样看药品说明书 ·········································································· 280鉴别真假药品的 6个要点 ··································································· 280科学使用抗生素 ············································································· 282宝宝使用非处方药物（OTC药物）需谨慎 ···································· 284宝宝家庭常备的非处方药 ································································· 285静脉给药应注意的问题 ···································································· 289药物的不良反应及预防措施 ······························································ 290 第三节减轻宝宝对药物抵触的窍门 ·································292 水剂和糖浆 ·················································································· 292药粉 ·········································· ··························· 293片剂和药丸 ························ 294栓剂 ························· 294眼药 ········································ ·························· 295耳药 296滴鼻药 ·········································· ··········································· 297口腔涂药 ····················································································· 297专题宝宝生病用药 Q＆A···················································298 睡眠问题 ····················································································· 302语言问题 ····················································································· 303排泻问题 ····················································································· 304口腔问题 ····················································································· 305头部问题 ····················································································· 306生殖器问题 ·················································································· 307 专题育儿方法不当，宝宝很 “受伤 ”·····························308 让宝宝听分贝高的音乐 ···································································· 308用力摇晃和高抛宝宝 ······································································· 308经常亲吻宝宝 ··············································································· 309用闪光灯给新生儿拍照 ··································································· 309宝宝不爱吃蔬菜就用水果代替 ·························································· 309 附录一家庭医药箱 ·····························································310附录二解析新生儿身体状况 ·············································312附录三宝宝成长指标月历 ·················································314 13