Scratch少儿编程一点通-(视频教学版)

第1章 　什么是“编程一小时”.................................................................................................... 1 1.1 　了解STEAM教育和编程教育................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 　人工智能和编程教育.................................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 　STEAM的含义............................................................................................................... 3 1.2 　了解“编程一小时”活动........................................................................................................ 4 1.3 　国家战略——中小学编程教育................................................................................................ 5 1.4 　少儿编程教育与未来的AI时代................................................................................................ 5 1.4.1 　互联网时代和AI时代.................................................................................................... 6 1.4.2 　编程教育的现状及发展................................................................................................ 7 第2章 　程序执行的三种基本方式............................................................................................... 8 2.1 　命令积木 ................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 　什么是计算机的硬件和软件 ....................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 　什么是计算机的命令 ................................................................................................... 9 2.1.3 　拖动命令积木的方式 ................................................................................................. 10 2.1.4 　书写代码的方式 ......................................................................................................... 11 2.2 　程序执行的方式 ..................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 　顺序执行 ..................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 　判断执行 ..................................................................................................................... 13 2.2.3 　循环执行 ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.4 　总结 ............................................................................................................................. 15 第3章 　我的世界............................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 　登录“我的世界”游戏 ......................................................................................................... 18 3.2 　文字说明介绍 ......................................................................................................................... 18 3.3 　游戏过关命令详解 ................................................................................................................. 20 第4章 　星球大战............................................................................................................................... 30 4.1 　登录游戏 ................................................................................................................................. 31 4.2 　游戏通关详解 ......................................................................................................................... 32 第5章 　Lightbot ——点灯机器人 ......................................................................................... 45 5.1 　游戏组成部分介绍 ........................................................................................................... 46 5.2 　登录“点灯机器人”游戏 .............................................................................................. …...46 5.3 　文字说明介绍 ................................................................................................................... 47 5.4 　游戏过关命令详解 .......................................................................................................... 50 第6章 　Scratch闪亮登场 ......................................................................................................... 76 6.1 　环境搭建 ......................................................................................................................... 77 6.1.1 　下载和安装Scratch ..................................................................................................... 77 6.1.2 　启动Scratch ................................................................................................................. 79 6.2 　Scratch的使用 .................................................................................................................. 80 6.2.1 　界面介绍 ..................................................................................................................... 80 6.2.2 　认识Scratch中的命令积木 ......................................................................................... 84 6.3 　编程中涉及的基本数学知识 ........................................................................................... 86 6.3.1 　正数和负数 ................................................................................................................. 86 6.3.2 　数轴 ............................................................................................................................. 87 6.3.3 　平面直角坐标系 ......................................................................................................... 87 6.3.4 　Scratch的坐标系 ......................................................................................................... 88 6.4 　认识变量 .......................................................................................................................... 90 6.4.1 　代数和变量 ................................................................................................................. 90 6.4.2 　创建新变量 ................................................................................................................. 91 6.4.3 　改变变量的值 ............................................................................................................. 92 6.4.4 　变量的种类 ................................................................................................................. 93 6.5 　通过编程进行数学运算 ................................................................................................... 94 6.5.1 　加、减、乘、除四则运算 ......................................................................................... 94 6.5.2 　比较大小 ..................................................................................................................... 97 6.5.3 　重要的随机数 ............................................................................................................. 97 6.6 　有趣的余数 ...................................................................................................................... 98 6.6.1 　余数的定义 ................................................................................................................. 98 6.6.2 　余数的妙用 ................................................................................................................. 98 6.7 　数学函数 ......................................................................................................................... 100 6.8 　运动时面向的方向 ......................................................................................................... 100 6.9 　Scratch中的帮助文件和例子 ......................................................................................... 101 第7章 　逻辑运算和条件判断 ............................................................................................. 103 7.1 　两个逻辑值——真和假 .................................................................................................. 104 7.2 　三种逻辑运算 ................................................................................................................. 104 7.3 　条件语句 ......................................................................................................................... 110 7.3.1 　“如果……那么……”条件语句 ........................................................................... 1107.3.2 　“如果……那么……否则……” ............................................................................1117.4 　多个条件语句的嵌套使用 ............................................................................................. 113 第8章 　外观造型和声音 ...................................................................................................... 117 8.1 　角色的显示和隐藏 ......................................................................................................... 118 8.2 　角色的造型和造型切换 ................................................................................................. 122 8.3 　角色的外观特效 ........................................................................................................... 124 8.4 　添加声音 ......................................................................................................................... 125 8.4.1 　选择声音 ................................................................................................................... 125 8.4.2 　录制声音 ................................................................................................................... 127 8.4.3 　上传声音 ...................................................................................................................... 127 第9章 　循环 ........................................................................................................................... 131 9.1 　确定性循环 ..................................................................................................................... 132 9.2 　不确定性循环 ................................................................................................................. 134 9.3 　循环和条件语句的嵌套使用 ......................................................................................... 135 第10章 　神奇的画笔 ............................................................................................................ 140 10.1 　认识画笔 ....................................................................................................................... 141 10.2 　学习画几何图形 ........................................................................................................... 142 10.3 　强大的图章功能 ........................................................................................................... 147 10.4 　使用画笔编程绘制复杂图形 ....................................................................................... 148 第11章 　消息和过程 ............................................................................................................ 154 11.1 　什么是消息 ................................................................................................................... 155 11.2 　使用消息编程 ............................................................................................................... 156 11.3 　什么是过程 ................................................................................................................... 159 11.4 　创建新积木——使用过程编程 .................................................................................... 161 第12章 　字符串和列表 ........................................................................................................ 169 12.1 　用途广泛的字符串 ....................................................................................................... 170 12.2 　字符串的用法 ............................................................................................................. 171 12.3 　字符串密码游戏——PigLatin（小猪的拉丁文） .......................................................... 172 12.4 　复杂的结构——列表 .................................................................................................... 175 12.5 　列表的主要用法 ........................................................................................................... 176 12.6 　列表游戏——知识抢答 ................................................................................................ 177 第13章 　综合项目：剪刀石头布 .......................................................................................... 186 13.1 　游戏的设计思路 ........................................................................................................... 187 13.2 　动手设计制作步骤 ....................................................................................................... 187 第14章　综合项目：五张卡片猜生日 .................................................................................. 196 14.1 　数 的 进 制 ................................................................................................................. 197 14.2 　猜生日日期的设计思路 ............................................................................................... 198 第15章 　综合项目：天天打地鼠 ........................................................................................... 205 15.1 　游戏制作步骤 ............................................................................................................... 206 15.2 　随机数分析 ................................................................................................................... 211 第16章　少儿编程与机器学习入门 ..................................................................................... 216 16.1 　什么是机器学习 ........................................................................................................... 217 16.2 　国外Scratch在线编程与机器学习基础入门介绍 ....................................................... 217 16.3 　机器学习编程实例 ...................................................................................................... 218 附录A ......................................................................................................................................... 230 附录B ......................................................................................................................................... 235