环境化学(Chemistry of the Environment)(弓爱君)

Chapter 1 Introduction1
Section 1 What is Environmental Chemistry?1
1．Definition of Environmental Chemistry1
2．Classification of Environmental Chemistry1
3．Research Content of Environmental Chemistry2
4．Characteristics of Environmental Chemistry2
5．Development of Environmental Chemistry3
Section 2 Environmental Pollution Events4
1．Environmental Pollution4
2．Eight public nuisances in the world4
3．Recent years’ the world famous public nuisance6
Section 3 The Process of People’s Awareness of Environmental Issues8
1．The main environmental problems8
2．People’s awareness of environmental problem8
3．The solution to the key problems of the prevention and control of environmental pollution in China9
Questions11
Chapter 2 Atmosphere Environmental Chemistry12
Section 1 Evolution of Earth Atmosphere12
Section 2 The Vertical Structure and Distribution Characteristics of the Atmosphere14
1．Troposphere14
2．Stratosphere16
3．Mesosphere16
4．Thermosphere16
5．Exosphere16
Section 3 Radiation Balance of the Earth16
1．The relations between the maximum of radiation wavelength and the temperature16
2．Absorption of solar radiation by atmospheric composition18
3．The thermal equilibrium of the earth18
4．Greenhouse Effect20
Section 4 Tropospheric Atmospheric Chemistry22
1．The classification of atmospheric composition22
2．The sources，sinks of atmospheric composition and the atmosphere cycle23
3．The important light absorption materials in the atmosphere24
4．Atmospheric radical25
5．Tropospheric photochemical processes Clean Air27
Section 5 Photochemical Smog28
1．The emergence of photochemical smog28
2．Daily changing law of photochemical smog28
3．Forming mechanism of photochemical smog28
4．The influencing factors and the peugeot of formation of photochemical smog29
5．PAN30
6．Photochemical smog pollution control30
Section 6 Acid Deposition Chemistry30
1．The definition of acid rain and precipitation acidification process31
2．The harm caused by acid rain pollution36
3．Present situation and the control countermeasures of acid rain pollution in China37
Section 7 Urban Air Quality Problems42
1．Status quo and development trend of China’s urban air quality42
2．Urban air quality daily43
Questions45
Chapter 3 Water Environmental Chemistry46
Section 1 General Situation of Natural Water46
1．Water resources and utilization46
2．Water distribution on the earth46
3．Water cycle47
4．The conformations of natural water48
Section 2 Water Body Pollution52
1．Water body pollution and selfpurification52
2．Pollutants in water54
3．The movement procedure of pollutants after discharging into the water58
4．Water pollution effect on human body59
Section 3 Water Environment Chemistry of Organic Pollution60
1．Parameter of organic pollution60
2．Degradation of some organic pollutants in water64
Section 4 Method for Wastewater Treatment69
1．First treatment for wastewater69
2．Secondary treatment for wastewater70
3．Tertiary treatment for wastewater70
4．Typical process of municipal wastewater treatment71
Questions72
Chapter 4 Soil Environmental Chemistry73
Section 1 Formation of Soil73
1．The essence of soil formation73
2． Natural factors for the formation of soil75
3．Human role in formation of soil77
Section 2 Soil Composition77
1．Soil mineral78
2．Soil organic matter80
3．Soil solution80
4．Soil air81
Section 3 The Basic Property of Soil81
1．The physical property of soil82
2． The colloidal property of soil82
3． The composition and chelate of soil85
4． The redox properties of soil86
5． Acid and alkali of soil87
6． The biological properties of the soil87
7． Selfpurification of soil88
Section 4 Soil Pollution88
1． Soil pollution source89
2． The main pollution of soil89
Section 5 Soil Pollution Control101
1． Control and eliminate soil pollution source101
2． Soil improvement and repair104
3． Development of green food，Promotion for human health105
Questions106
Chapter 5 Disasters And Environmental Protection107
Section 1 Geological Hazard107
1． Earthquake107
2． Volcano109
3． Debris Flow110
Section 2 Weather Disasters112
1．El Nino112
2． Hurricane113
Section 3 Biodiversity and Lethal Pests115
1．Biodiversity115
2．Lethal pests118
Section 4 Food Safety125
1．Food safety and food quality125
2．Food safety incidents126
3．Analysis about the causes of food safety incidents127
4．Solutions128
Section 5 Environmental Protection129
1．Urbanization has brought many environmental problems，so environmental situation of our country is very serious129
2．The underlying causes of environmental pollution130
3．Actively explore new environmental method132
4．Strictly control PM2．5 pollution132
5．Environmental Protection “Contribution in the contemporary” and “Benefit future generations”133
6．The development trend of China’s Environmental Management Policy in the next 10 years134
Questions135
References136


**章绪论137
**节什么是环境化学137
一、环境化学的定义137
二、环境化学的分类137
三、环境化学的研究内容137
四、环境化学的特点137
五、环境化学的发展方向138
第二节环境污染事件139
一、环境污染139
二、世界上曾发生过的八大公害事件139
三、近年来世界瞩目的公害事件141
第三节人们对环境问题的认识过程142
一、面临的主要环境问题142
二、人们对环境问题的认识142
三、我国环境污染防治面临的主要问题及解决方案143
思考题144
第二章大气环境化学145
**节地球大气的演化145
第二节大气层的垂直结构分布特征146
一、对流层147
二、平流层148
三、中间层148
四、热层148
五、逃逸层148
第三节地球的辐射平衡148
一、物体的*大辐射波长与温度的关系148
二、大气成分对太阳辐射的吸收149
三、地球的热平衡150
四、温室效应151
第四节对流层大气化学反应153
一、大气组成的分类153
二、大气组分的源、汇和气体循环154
三、大气中重要的光吸收物质155
四、大气中的自由基156
五、对流层清洁大气的光化学过程157
第五节光化学烟雾158
一、光化学烟雾的出现158
二、光化学烟雾的日变化规律158
三、光化学烟雾的形成机制158
四、光化学烟雾形成的影响因素与标志159
五、PAN159
六、光化学烟雾污染的控制159
第六节酸沉降化学160
一、酸雨的定义及降水的酸化过程160
二、酸雨污染造成的危害164
三、我国酸雨的污染现状及控制对策164
第七节城市空气质量问题167
一、我国城市空气质量的现状和发展趋势167
二、城市空气质量日报169
思考题170
第三章水环境化学171
**节天然水概况171
一、水资源和利用171
二、地球上水的分布171
三、水循环172
四、天然水的组成172
第二节水体污染176
一、水体污染与自净176
二、水体中的污染物177
三、污染物进入水体后的运动过程180
四、水体污染对人体健康的影响181
第三节有机物污染的水环境化学182
一、有机污染程度的指标182
二、水体中某些有机污染物的降解184
第四节废水处理方法187
一、废水的一级处理188
二、废水的二级处理188
三、废水的三级处理189
四、城市废水处理的典型流程189
思考题191
第四章土壤环境化学192
**节土壤形成192
一、土壤形成的实质192
二、土壤形成的自然因素193
三、土壤形成的人为作用194
第二节土壤的组成194
一、土壤矿物质195
二、土壤有机质197
三、土壤溶液197
四、土壤空气198
第三节土壤的基本性质198
一、土壤的物理性质198
二、土壤的胶体性质199
三、土壤的配合和螯合作用200
四、土壤的氧化还原性质201
五、土壤的酸碱性202
六、土壤的生物学性质202
七、土壤的自净作用202
第四节土壤污染203
一、土壤污染源203
二、土壤的主要污染物204
第五节土壤污染防治211
一、控制和消除土壤污染源212
二、土壤改良与修复214
三、发展绿色食品，促进人类健康215
思考题215
第五章灾害与环境保护216
**节地质灾害216
一、地震216
二、火山217
三、泥石流218
第二节天气灾害219
一、厄尔尼诺219
二、飓风220
第三节生物多样性及致命害虫221
一、生物多样性221
二、致命害虫223
第四节食品安全228
一、食品安全与食品质量228
二、食品安全事件229
三、食品安全事件原因分析230
四、解决方案230
第五节环境保护231
一、城市化相伴带来诸多环境问题，当前我国环境形势依然严峻231
二、环境污染背后的深层原因232
三、积极探索环保新道路233
四、严格治理PM2．5污染233
五、环境保护“功在当代”、“利在千秋”234
六、未来十年我国环境管理政策发展趋势235
思考题235
参考文献236