包邮气相爆破技术与生物炼制

1 gas explosion technique principles and biomassrefining pandect 11.1 gas explosion technical overview 11.1.1 history of gas explosion technique11.1.2 technical classification of gas explosion 31.1.3 latest developments of gas explosion technique 51.2 biomass refinery and gas explosion technology 121.2.1 biomass concept and biomass refining 121.2.2 lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance to degradation 131.2.3 effective methods to expose cellulose in cell wall by physicochemical pretreatments 141.2.4 advantages of steam explosion-derived biomass refining151.3 foreground and prospect171.3.1 preface 171.3.2 cognition of biomass supermolecule structure and necessity of selective structural deconstruction171.3.3 analysis of biomass recalcitrance and breaking pathways191.3.4 changes of biomass mechanical properties during refining process 191.3.5 thermodynamics and dynamics during biomass refining processes 201.3.6 basis of biomass engineering science 21references 232 principle of gas explosion technology 272.1 the main parameters affecting the gas explosion process 282.1.1 overview 282.1.2 effect of material parameters on gas explosion292.1.3 effect of operating parameters on gas explosion382.1.4 effect of equipment parameters on the gas explosion 402.1.5 relationship between product parameters and gas explosion 412.2 multi-scale modeling of biomass pretreatment for steam explosion condition optimization 422.2.1 overview 422.2.2 multi-scale model eduction in the instantaneous decompression stage of steam explosion 442.2.3 multi-scale model connotation 492.2.4 establishing a novel severity factor on the basis of chip size, discharge port area,and moisture content 532.3 mechanisms of the physical and chemical coupling effects of gas explosion 542.3.1 overview 542.3.2 effects of se on degradation of hemicellulose and lignin 552.3.3 effects of se on pore distribution of straw 572.3.4 effects of se on permeability of straw 592.3.5 effects of se on ehy of straw 592.4 dissolution thermodynamics of the degradation products of steam-exploded straw 612.4.1 overview 612.4.2 effects of temperature on the dissolution rate of degradation products 622.4.3 effects of lsr on the dissolution rate of degradation products 632.4.4 effects of ionic strength on the dissolution rate of degradation products 632.4.5 effects of ph on the dissolution rate of degradation products 642.4.6 optimal dissolution conditions for sugars and phenolic compounds 642.4.7 dissolution thermodynamic principles for degradation products in se 652.5 formation kinetics of potential fermentation inhibitors in a steam explosion process of corn straw 672.5.1 overview 672.5.2 determination of potential fermentation inhibitors in steam explosion hydrolysates 672.5.3 yields of inhibitors at different steam explosion conditions 702.5.4 dynamic parameters and yield equations of inhibitors in steam explosion process722.6 analysis of energy consumption on steam explosion process 742.6.1 overview 742.6.2 the composition of steam explosion energy consumption 752.6.3 calculation formulas for each part of energy 752.6.4 experiment design and data processing 772.6.5 relationship between the ratio of tank height to diameter, loading coefficient, initial moisture content of materials, holding temperature,and total energy consumption 772.6.6 energy analysis of steam explosion process79references 853 gas explosion equipments 873.1 cutter bar and dedusting equipments 873.1.1 knife-rall straw cutter 873.1.2 straw baler 973.1.3 straw baler loosing machine 1053.1.4 conveyor 1073.2 rehydration and dehydration equipments 1083.2.1 rehydration equipment1083.2.2 dehydration equipment 1103.3 gas explosion equipments 1133.3.1 batch gas explosion equipment 1133.3.2 continuous gas explosion equipments 1153.3.3 in situ gas explosion equipment1193.4 steam generator 1213.4.1 overview of steam generator 1213.4.2 electric steam generator1243.4.3 fuel steam generator 1293.4.4 coal-fired steam generator1313.5 receiver 1313.6 parameters detection 1313.6.1 system for dynamic data test 1323.6.2 pressure transducers 1333.6.3 temperature transducers1333.6.4 solid flowmeter1343.7 carding device 1373.7.1 hydraulic carding device (paul fractionator) 1373.7.2 airflow grading device 1383.7.3 mechanical carding device141references 1424 process development of gas explosion 1454.1 process development of gas explosion technology1454.1.1 overview of gas explosion technology 1454.1.2 iogen steam explosion technology 1464.1.3 stake steam explosion technology 1484.1.4 low-pressure and non-pollution steam explosion technology 1524.1.5 in situ gas explosion technology 1544.1.6 in situ multistage flashing and steam explosion drying technology 1554.1.7 steam explosion and carding technology1554.2 process development of eco-industrialization of steam-exploded materials 1604.2.1 biomass resource and its distribution 1604.2.2 collection and transportation of biomass 1624.2.3 properties of lignocellulosic materials 1704.2.4 utilization status and existing problems of lignocellulose 1754.2.5 necessity of lignocellulose refinery 1784.2.6 refinery of lignocellulosic materials 1794.2.7 process integration of steam explosion technologies 1824.2.8 examples of ecological development of multi-component solid materials 183references 1945 characterization and research methods of gas-exploded materials 1975.1 structural morphology characterization of gas-exploded materials 1975.1.1 length measurement of fibrocytes 1975.1.2 research of fiber roughness and weight factor 1985.1.3 microscope characterization 1985.1.4 scanning electron microscopy (sem)characterization 2005.1.5 transmission electron microscope (tem)2005.1.6 atomic force microscopy (afm) 2015.1.7 environmental scanning electron microscope(esem) 2045.1.8 x-ray diffraction (xrd) characterization 2065.1.9 molecular weight determination 2065.1.10 degree of polymerization determination 2065.2 determination of components of gas-exploded materials 2075.2.1 determination of cellulose content 2075.2.2 lignin content determination 2085.2.3 hemicellulose content determination 2085.2.4 extract content determination 2095.2.5 non-fiber cell content determination2095.2.6 protein content determination 2095.2.7 wax content determination 2095.2.8 lipid content determination 2105.2.9 ash content determination 2105.2.10 moisture content determination2105.2.11 flavonoid content determination 2105.2.12 pectin content determination 2105.2.13 tannin content determination 2115.3 determination of the active groups in gas-exploded materials 2115.3.1 determination of methoxyl group content 2115.3.2 determination of hydroxyl content 2115.3.3 determination of carboxyl content 2125.3.4 simultaneous determination of carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl 2125.4 particle properties characterization of gas-exploded materials 2135.4.1 particle size analysis 2135.4.2 the application of fractal dimension in the particle characterization2145.5 interface characterization performance of gas-exploded materials 2155.5.1 determination of the specific surface area 2155.5.2 the characterization of interfacial tension 2155.5.3 characterization of contact angle 2165.6 characterization of porous properties of gas-exploded materials 2185.6.1 characterization of pore size distribution 2185.6.2 characterization of permeability coefficient 2195.6.3 characterization of other properties of porous media 2195.7 characterization of biomechanical property of gas-exploded materials 2195.7.1 characterization of hydrogen content2195.7.2 tensile strength 2205.7.3 compressive strength 2205.7.4 bending property 2205.7.5 shear strength 2205.7.6 hardness and impact toughness 2205.8 characterization of wet and dry performance of gas-exploded materials 2215.8.1 the moisture content and shrinkage 2215.8.2 the existing state of water2215.8.3 fiber saturation point 2225.9 characterization of physicochemical properties of gas-exploded materials 2225.9.1 chemical bond energy 2225.9.2 thermodynamic energy 2225.9.3 enthalpy value 2235.9.4 specific heat capacity 2235.9.5 thermal conductivity 2235.10 rheological characterization of gas-exploded materials 224references 2246 applications of gas explosion in biomass refining 2276.1 applications of gas explosion in food industry 2276.1.1 processing of fruit and vegetable residue 2276.1.2 meat residue processing2296.1.3 marine products processing 2356.1.4 food processing2396.1.5 roughage processing 2396.2 application of gas explosion technology in pharmaceutical industry 2476.2.1 problems in processing and extraction process of medicinal plants 2476.2.2 gas explosion enhancing bioactive ingredients extraction from traditional chinese medicines 2506.2.3 gas explosion processing of traditional chinese medicines 2606.2.4 gas explosion technology focused ecological industry of medicinal plants 2706.3 application of gas explosion technology in bioenergy 2796.3.1 pretreatment of feedstock in bioenergy 2796.3.2 advantages of gas explosion for bioenergy feedstock pretreatment 2806.3.3 typical applications of gas explosion in bioenergy 2816.4 the applications of steam explosion technology in biomaterial field 2866.4.1 natural textile fiber extraction using steam explosion technology 2876.4.2 preparation of natural cellulose nanofiber by steam explosion 2986.4.3 wood-based panels made by steam explosion corn straw 3006.4.4 dissolving pulp produced by steam-exploded straw3026.4.5 polyurethane foam produced by steam-exploded straw liquidation3056.4.6 protein fiber processing 3116.5 application of steam explosion technology in chemical industry 3176.5.1 oxalic acid3186.5.2 furfural3206.5.3 acetylpropionic acid 3236.5.4 xylooligosaccharide/xylose/xylitol 3266.5.5 citric acid 3286.5.6 xanthan gum 3306.5.7 phenolic acids3326.5.8 silicon dioxide 3366.5.9 chemical production examples based on steam explosion technology 3386.6 application of steam explosion technology in environmental protection3396.6.1 damage and management of solid wastes 3406.6.2 organic fertilizer manufacturing 3446.6.3 application of steam explosion in papermaking industry 3466.6.4 environmental materials manufactured with steam-exploded straw353references 358