包邮数字网络音频系统原理与工程设计

目 录 **章 数字音频技术基础................................................................................................................................. 1 **节 音频系统的组成和分类.................................................................................................................. 1 一、音频系统的组成................................................................................................................................. 1 二、音频系统的分类................................................................................................................................. 1 第二节 单声、立体声与环绕声.................................................................................................................. 3 一、单声道和双声道立体声..................................................................................................................... 3 二、环绕声的基本概念............................................................................................................................. 3 第三节 模拟音频系统.................................................................................................................................... 5 第四节 数字音频技术基础........................................................................................................................... 8 一、音频信号的数字化............................................................................................................................. 8 二、数字信号的几个概念......................................................................................................................... 9 三、数字音频信号的处理流程及关键技术........................................................................................... 12 四、数字信号传输技术........................................................................................................................... 14 五、数字音视频接口标准....................................................................................................................... 16 第五节 数字信号传输线缆......................................................................................................................... 28 一、同轴电缆........................................................................................................................................... 28 二、光纤................................................................................................................................................... 29 三、双绞线............................................................................................................................................... 30 第二章 音频录放设备........................................................................................................................................ 31 **节 音频录放设备的分类..................................................................................................................... 31 第二节 电唱机............................................................................................................................................... 32 一、电唱机的分类和结构原理............................................................................................................... 32 二、电唱机的应用................................................................................................................................... 33 第三节 磁带录音机...................................................................................................................................... 33 一、磁带录音机的分类........................................................................................................................... 33 二、模拟磁带录音机............................................................................................................................... 33 三、数字磁带录音机............................................................................................................................... 34 第四节 激光唱机........................................................................................................................................... 35 一、CD的原理及规格............................................................................................................................. 35 二、CD机的结构及功能......................................................................................................................... 36 三、CD-ROM ........................................................................................................................................... 36 四、可录式CD机.................................................................................................................................... 37 五、HDCD................................................................................................................................................ 37 六、双CD机——激光磨盘机................................................................................................................ 37 数字网络音频系统原理与工程设计 ·VI· 第五节 激光视盘机VCD 和DVD ........................................................................................................... 38 一、VCD激光视盘机.............................................................................................................................. 38 二、DVD 激光视盘机.............................................................................................................................. 38 三、高清DVD——蓝光DVD 和HD-DVD .......................................................................................... 40 第六节 微型磁光盘（MD）录音机......................................................................................................... 41 一、MD 的规格和特点............................................................................................................................ 41 二、MD-MO录放音原理........................................................................................................................ 42 第七节 数字硬盘录音机——HDR........................................................................................................... 42 一、磁盘技术的发展............................................................................................................................... 42 二、硬盘录音机原理............................................................................................................................... 43 三、数字硬磁盘录音机典型产品........................................................................................................... 44 第八节 固态硬盘——Flash和MP3......................................................................................................... 46 一、Flash 存储器...................................................................................................................................... 46 二、基于闪存类的固态硬盘................................................................................................................... 46 三、基于DRAM类的固态硬盘............................................................................................................. 46 四、MP3录放器....................................................................................................................................... 47 五、数字录音笔....................................................................................................................................... 47 第三章 电声器件................................................................................................................................................. 48 **节 扬声器............................................................................................................................................... 48 一、扬声器的分类和特点....................................................................................................................... 48 二、扬声器的组合................................................................................................................................... 48 三、扬声器的主要特性参数................................................................................................................... 49 四、扬声器箱........................................................................................................................................... 50 五、分频器............................................................................................................................................... 52 六、线阵列扬声器系统........................................................................................................................... 56 七、定向扬声器系统............................................................................................................................... 65 第二节 传声器............................................................................................................................................... 75 一、传声器的结构原理........................................................................................................................... 75 二、传声器的技术指标........................................................................................................................... 76 三、按使用方式分类............................................................................................................................... 78 四、无线传声器....................................................................................................................................... 82 第四章 音频放大器............................................................................................................................................. 86 **节 概述.................................................................................................................................................... 86 一、音频放大器的基本功能................................................................................................................... 86 二、音频放大器的分类........................................................................................................................... 86 三、音频放大器的技术指标................................................................................................................... 86 第二节 前置放大器...................................................................................................................................... 89 一、节目源与放大器的匹配................................................................................................................... 89 目 录 ·VII· 二、信号的选择和混合........................................................................................................................... 89 三、音量控制和平衡控制....................................................................................................................... 90 四、音调控制........................................................................................................................................... 90 第三节 功率放大器...................................................................................................................................... 90 一、功率放大器的分类........................................................................................................................... 90 二、模拟音频功率放大器....................................................................................................................... 91 三、数字音频功率放大器....................................................................................................................... 92 四、准数字功放、数控功放、数字处理功放和网络功放................................................................... 97 五、功放与扬声器功率的匹配............................................................................................................... 98 第五章 音频信号处理器.................................................................................................................................. 100 **节 概述.................................................................................................................................................. 100 一、音频信号处理的基本概念............................................................................................................. 100 二、音频信号处理器的分类................................................................................................................. 100 三、信号处理器在音频系统中的应用................................................................................................. 101 第二节 模拟音频信号处理器................................................................................................................... 102 一、模拟滤波器..................................................................................................................................... 102 二、模拟均衡器..................................................................................................................................... 113 三、模拟压限器和扩展器..................................................................................................................... 117 四、听觉激励器..................................................................................................................................... 120 五、移频器............................................................................................................................................. 121 第三节 数字音频信号处理器................................................................................................................... 121 一、数字信号处理的基本概念............................................................................................................. 121 二、数字信号处理的优缺点................................................................................................................. 122 三、数字滤波器与均衡器..................................................................................................................... 123 四、数字延时/混响器............................................................................................................................ 125 五、数字变调/变速处理器.................................................................................................................... 131 六、数字压缩/扩张器............................................................................................................................ 132 第四节 扬声器系统控制器....................................................................................................................... 133 一、扬声器系统控制器的功能............................................................................................................. 133 二、扬声器系统控制器的应用............................................................................................................. 135 第五节 一体化数字音频信号处理器..................................................................................................... 136 一、一体化数字音频信号处理器的功能............................................................................................. 136 二、数字化扩声系统的特点................................................................................................................. 137 三、数字音频信号处理器的类型......................................................................................................... 138 四、数字音频信号处理器典型产品..................................................................................................... 140 第六章 调音台.................................................................................................................................................... 162 **节 概述.................................................................................................................................................. 162 一、调音台的分类................................................................................................................................. 162 数字网络音频系统原理与工程设计 ·VIII· 二、调音台的功能................................................................................................................................. 162 三、调音台的技术指标......................................................................................................................... 163 第二节 调音台的结构和各组件功能..................................................................................................... 163 一、调音台的基本结构......................................................................................................................... 163 二、调音台的通路方框图和电平图..................................................................................................... 164 三、调音台各组件的功能..................................................................................................................... 165 第三节 模拟调音台典型产品................................................................................................................... 169 一、JVC MI-2000 8 路调音台............................................................................................................... 169 二、声艺 Soundcraft LX7 32 路调音台................................................................................................ 172 第四节 DJ 混音台的结构及典型产品.................................................................................................... 176 一、DJ混音台的功能特点.................................................................................................................... 176 二、Vestax PMC-15SL混音台.............................................................................................................. 177 三、Numark PPD 系列DJ混音台......................................................................................................... 179 第五节 数字调音台的结构和特点.......................................................................................................... 179 一、数字调音台的结构......................................................................................................................... 179 二、数字调音台的特点......................................................................................................................... 181 第六节 数字调音台典型产品................................................................................................................... 182 一、雅马哈YAMAHA 01V96 数字调音台.......................................................................................... 182 二、迪声MP系列准数字调音台.......................................................................................................... 188 三、C-MARK CDM24数字调音台...................................................................................................... 192 第七章 数字网络音频系统............................................................................................................................. 194 **节 概述·················································································································································· 194 一、音频系统的数字化和网络化········································································································· 194 二、网络协议········································································································································· 196 三、网络音频的特点····························································································································· 197 四、MADI 的特点及其与其他网络协议的对比·················································································· 198 第二节 CobraNet ········································································································································· 199 一、概述················································································································································· 199 二、工作原理和特性····························································································································· 200 三、典型产品········································································································································· 201 第三节 EtherSound······································································································································ 203 一、概述················································································································································· 203 二、典型产品········································································································································· 204 第四节 AVB·················································································································································· 205 一、概述················································································································································· 205 二、工作原理和主要特点····················································································································· 206 三、典型产品········································································································································· 208 第五节 DANTE ··········································································································································· 211 一、概述················································································································································· 211 目 录 ·IX· 二、工作原理和特性····························································································································· 212 三、Dante 与EtherSound 及CobraNet 的性能比较············································································ 214 四、典型产品········································································································································· 215 第六节 其他协议········································································································································· 216 一、A-Net ··············································································································································· 216 二、HiQnet、CrownTCP/IQ和BLU-Link ··························································································· 216 三、OPTOCORE及SANE···················································································································· 224 四、Q-Sys ··············································································································································· 225 五、OMNEO··········································································································································· 227 第七节 数字网络音频系统工程实例····································································································· 228 一、工程实例一——大型航空港寻呼及背景音响系统（CobraNet）·············································· 228 二、工程实例二——大型主题公园扩声系统（CobraNet）······························································ 230 三、工程实例三——金莎娱乐场扩声系统（CobraNet+IQ）···························································· 230 四、工程实例四——卡门演唱会扩声系统（EtherSound）······························································· 231 五、工程实例五——第十届全运会扩声系统（A-Net）···································································· 232 六、工程实例六——九运会开幕式扩声系统（YAMAHA）···························································· 233 七、工程实例七——武汉国际网球中心15000 人网球场（OMNEO，Dante）····························· 234 第八章 扩声系统工程设计与实例................................................................................................................ 237 **节 概述.................................................................................................................................................. 237 一、设计的前期准备工作..................................................................................................................... 237 二、设计文件......................................................................................................................................... 237 三、设计步骤......................................................................................................................................... 238 第二节 小型多功能厅扩声系统设计实例............................................................................................ 241 一、设计依据的标准............................................................................................................................. 242 二、计算音箱所需的电功率................................................................................................................. 242 三、音箱的布局..................................................................................................................................... 243 四、讨论................................................................................................................................................. 244 五、选配音箱品牌型号......................................................................................................................... 245 六、选配功率放大器............................................................................................................................. 245 七、选配其他设备................................................................................................................................. 245 八、设备清单......................................................................................................................................... 246 九、系统图............................................................................................................................................. 248 十、布局图和布线图............................................................................................................................. 248 第三节 计算机辅助设计软件——EASE 简介..................................................................................... 250 一、EASE软件在扩声设计中的应用.................................................................................................. 250 二、EASE软件应用示例...................................................................................................................... 252 第四节 多功能礼堂扩声系统................................................................................................................... 253 一、系统概述......................................................................................................................................... 253 二、设计方案特点................................................................................................................................. 254 数字网络音频系统原理与工程设计 ·X· 三、扩声系统设计................................................................................................................................. 254 四、建声装修设计................................................................................................................................. 263 第五节 济源体育馆扩声系统................................................................................................................... 263 一、声场设计......................................................................................................................................... 263 二、声场实测结果................................................................................................................................. 264 三、系统控制方式................................................................................................................................. 264 第六节 古镇体育馆建声及扩声系统..................................................................................................... 265 一、概述.................................................................................................................................................