材料科学与工程导论-(双语)

Chapter 1Introduction1 Learning Objectives1 11Historical Perspective1 12What is Materials Science and Engineering?2 13Why Study Materials Science and Engineering?5 14Classification of Materials5 15Advanced Materials9 16Modern Materials’ Needs10 References11 Chapter 2The Structure of Crystalline Solids13 Learning Objectives13 21Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding13 211Fundamental Concepts14 212Bonding Forces and Energies14 213Atomic Bonding in Solids16 22Crystal Structures22 221Fundamental Concepts22 222Metallic Crystal Structures and Crystal Systems23 223Crystallographic Points，Directions，and Planes30 224Crystalline and Noncrystalline Materials37 23Imperfections in Solids40 231Point Defects in Metals40 232Dislocations—Linear Defects43 233Interfacial Defects44 234Bulk or Volume Defects46 References48 Chapter 3Polymer Materials49 Learning Objectives49 31Polymer Structures49 311Introduction49 312Fundamental Concepts49 313Polymer Molecules50 314Designation of Polymers50 315Commonly Used Polymers51 316The Chemistry of Polymer Molecules58 32Crystallization，Melting and Glass Transition Phenomena in Polymers65 33Mechanical Properties of Polymers66 331StressStrain Behavior67 332Macroscopic Deformation68 333Viscoelastic Deformation70 34Polymer Types71 341Plastics71 342Elastomers72 343Fibers73 344Miscellaneous Applications Coatings73 35Processing of Polymers74 351Polymerization75 352Polymer Additives76 353Forming Techniques for Plastics78 354Fabrication of Elastomers80 355Fabrication of Fibers and Films81 References84 Chapter 4Metallic Materials85 Learning Objectives85 41Mechanical Properties of Metals85 411Introduction85 412Tensile Test86 413Hardness Testing90 42Dislocations and Strengthening91 421The Role of Dislocations91 422Work Hardening93 423Grain Size Strengthening93 424Alloy Hardening94 43Failure96 431Introduction96 432Fundamentals of Fracture97 433Ductile Fracture97 434Brittle Fracture98 435Fracture Mechanics in Design99 436Fracture Toughness100 437Fatigue101 438Creep101 44Phase Diagrams and Phase Transformations in Metals102 441Introduction102 442Phase Diagrams103 443Phase Transformations107 45Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys108 451Introduction108 452Types of Metal Alloys109 453Fabrication of Metals113 454Thermal Processing of Metals115 References120 Chapter 5Ceramic Materials123 Learning Objectives123 51Structures and Properties of Ceramics123 511Introduction123 512Ceramic Structures123 513Mechanical Properties of Ceramics127 52Application and Processing of Ceramics129 521Types and Applications of Ceramics129 522Fabrication and Processing of Ceramics131 References136 Chapter 6Composite Materials137 Learning Objectives137 61Introduction137 62ParticleReinforced Composites138 621LargeParticle Composites139 622DispersionStrengthened Composites140 63FiberReinforced Composites140 631The Fiber Phase140 632The Matrix Phase141 64PolymerMatrix Composites142 641Glass FiberReinforced Polymer（GFRP）Composites142 642Carbon FiberReinforced Polymer（CFRP）Composites143 643Aramid FiberReinforced Polymer Composites143 65MetalMatrix Composites145 66CeramicMatrix Composites146 References149 Chapter 7Corrosion and Degradation of Materials150 Learning Objectives150 71Introduction150 72Corrosion of Metals150 721Electrochemical Considerations151 722Corrosion Rates153 723Passivity153 724Environmental Effects153 725Forms of Corrosion154 726Corrosion Environments158 727Corrosion Prevention159 73Corrosion of Ceramic Materials159 74Degradation of Polymers160 741Swelling and Dissolution160 742Bond Rupture160 743Weathering161 References163 Chapter 8Electrical/Thermal/Magnetic/Optical Properties of Materials164 Learning Objectives164 81Introduction165 82Electrical Properties of Materials165 821Metals and Alloys166 822Semiconductors167 823Ionic Ceramics and Polymers170 83Thermal Properties of Materials170 831Heat Capacity170 832Thermal Expansion171 833Thermal Conductivity172 834Thermal Stresses172 84Magnetic Properties of Materials174 841Diamagnetism，Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism174 842Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism177 843The Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior179 844Domains，Hysteresis and Magnetic Anisotropy179 845Superconductivity181 85Optical Properties of Materials186 851Interaction of Light with Matter186 852Atomic and Electronic Interactions187 853Refraction，Reflection，Absorption and Transmission190 854Opacity and Translucency in Insulators192 855Applications of Optical Phenomena192 References197 Chapter 9Biomaterials/Nanomaterials/Smart Materials198 Learning Objectives198 91Biomaterials198 911Definition of Biomaterials199 912Performance of Biomaterials202 913Brief Historical Background203 92Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials205 921Introduction205 922Examples of Current Achievements and Paradigm Shifts209 93Smart Materials214 931Introduction214 932Shape Memory Alloys215 933Applications of Smart Materials219 Reference220