电源工程师研发笔记开关电源可靠性设计与测试:安全.热管理.电磁兼容

前言

第1章 概述········································································ 1

1.1　开关电源可靠性 ··········································································

1 1.1.1　可靠性的定义及指标····························································

1 1.1.2　影响开关电源可靠性的因素 ··················································· 8

1.2　开关电源可靠性设计 ·································································· 12

1.2.1　开关电源可靠性设计原则及方法 ··········································· 12

1.2.2　元器件降额使用································································ 17

第2章 开关电源安全设计···················································· 25

2.1　开关电源安全距离及安全器件选择················································· 25

2.1.1　安全距离与绝缘分类·························································· 25

2.1.2　开关电源安全器件选择······················································· 27

2.1.3　安规电容选择··································································· 36

2.2　开关电源输入保护电路及滤波器···················································· 40

2.2.1　开关电源输入保护电路······················································· 40

2.2.2　开关电源滤波器································································ 48

2.3　开关电源吸收电路 ····································································· 52

2.3.1　吸收回路的作用及类型······················································· 52

2.3.2　开关电源吸收电路设计······················································· 57

第3章 开关电源热设计······················································ 65

3.1　开关电源热设计目的及原则 ························································· 65

3.1.1　开关电源环境温度及热设计目的 ··········································· 65

3.1.2　开关电源热设计的原则······················································· 68

3.2　开关电源转换效率及热设计层次···················································· 70

3.2.1　开关电源转换效率及温度···················································· 70

3.2.2　热设计层次及热设计功耗（TDP）·········································· 73

3.3　开关电源表面贴装元器件热设计及金属芯 PCB ································· 76

3.3.1　开关电源表面贴装元器件热设计 ··········································· 76

3.3.2　金属芯 PCB ····································································· 80

3.4　开关电源 PCB热设计 ································································· 84

3.4.1　开关电源 PCB热量的来源及 PCB热设计的要求 ······················· 84

3.4.2　开关电源 PCB热设计对元器件布局、布线的要求 ····················· 86

3.4.3　开关电源 PCB热设计的具体措施·········································· 90

3.5　开关电源热设计规则及散热器设计要点··········································· 92

3.5.1　开关电源热设计规则及方法 ················································· 92

3.5.2　开关电源散热器设计要点···················································· 95

第4章　开关电源电路的电磁兼容性及设计 ····························· 105

4.1　开关电源的电磁干扰及传播方式··················································· 105

4.1.1　开关电源中的电磁干扰源··················································· 105

4.1.2　开关电源中电磁干扰分类及耦合通道 ···································· 113

4.2　开关电源电磁干扰抑制技术 ························································ 120

4.2.1　减小干扰源能量及抑制网侧高次谐波电流 ······························ 120

4.2.2　抑制共模干扰及尖峰干扰技术 ············································· 123

4.2.3　开关电源接地技术···························································· 129

4.2.4　开关电源调制频率控制及无源补偿技术 ································· 132

4.3　开关电源电路的电磁兼容及输入 /输出布线设计······························· 136

4.3.1　开关电源电路的电磁兼容设计 ············································· 136

4.3.2　开关电源输入 /输出布线设计·············································· 140

第5章　开关电源 PCB电磁兼容设计 ···································· 148

5.1　开关电源 PCB电磁干扰抑制措施及地线设计··································· 148

5.1.1　开关电源 PCB电磁干扰及抑制措施······································ 148

5.1.2　开关电源 PCB地线设计····················································· 150

5.2　开关电源 PCB布局布线设计 ······················································· 155

5.2.1　开关电源 PCB布局设计····················································· 155

5.2.2　开关电源 PCB布线设计····················································· 159

5.3　开关电源 PCB电磁兼容设计要点 ················································· 167

5.3.1　PCB中带状线、电线、电缆间的串音和电磁耦合 ····················· 167

5.3.2　开关电源 PCB电流回路及电压节点设计要点 ·························· 172

5.3.3　开关电源 PCB滤波电路布局及退耦电容配置要点 ···················· 175

第6章　开关电源可靠性测试 ··············································· 180

6.1　开关电源电磁兼容性测试 ··························································· 180

6.1.1　电磁兼容测试技术···························································· 180

6.1.2　开关电源电磁兼容测试电路及波形 ······································· 187

6.2　PCB质量评价及可靠性试验 ························································ 195

6.2.1　PCB质量评价 ································································· 195

6.2.2　PCB可靠性试验 ······························································ 198

6.3　开关电源技术安规及可靠性测试方法············································· 203

6.3.1　开关电源安规测试方法······················································ 203

6.3.2　开关电源可靠性测试方法··················································· 210

参考文献······················································································· 226