新生儿医师手册

**部分 产前、产时、分娩和转运管理 Antepartum, Intrapartum, Delivery, and Transport Management 1 胎儿评估 Fetal Assessment 002 2 产科麻醉和新生儿 Obstetric Anesthesia and the Neonate 011 3 新生儿复苏 Resuscitation of the Newborn 017 4 婴儿转运 Infant Transport 026 第二部分 基础管理 Basic Management 5 胎龄和出生体重的分类 Gestational Age and Birthweight Classif ication 032 6 新生儿体格检查 Newborn Physical Examination 045 7 体温调节 Temperature Regulation 069 8 呼吸管理 Respiratory Management 074 9 液体与电解质 Fluid and Electrolyte 094 10 营养管理 Nutritional Management 102 第三部分 高级管理 Advanced Management 11 影像学检查 Imaging Studies 144 12 超低出生体重早产儿出生后**周管理 Management of the Extremely Low Birthweight Infant During the First Week of Life 167 13 晚期早产儿的管理 Management of the Late Preterm Infant 180 14 新生儿疼痛 Pain in the Neonate 183 15 新生儿疾病筛查 Newborn Screening 187 16 神经系统评估 Studies for Neurologic Evaluation 192 17 成分输血 Blood Component Therapy 200 18 新生儿体外生命支持 Extracorporeal Life Support in the Neonate 208 19 高危新生儿的随访 Follow-Up of High-Risk Infants 222 20 新生儿学的补充和替代治疗 Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies in Neonatology 227 21 新生儿伦理学 Neonatal Bioethics 234 第四部分 操 作 Procedures 新生儿操作规范 Principles of Neonatal Procedure 242 22 动脉通路：动脉穿刺(桡动脉穿刺) Arterial Access: Arterial Puncture (Radial Artery Puncture) 245 23 动脉通路：外周动脉置管(桡动脉置管) Arterial Access: Percutaneous Arterial Catheterization (Arterial Line) 248 24 动脉通路：脐动脉置管 Arterial Access: Umbilical Artery Catheterization 251 25 膀胱穿刺(耻骨上穿刺) Bladder Aspiration (Suprapubic Urine Collection) 259 26 膀胱置管导尿 Bladder Catheterization 262 27 胸腔置管 Chest Tube Placement 265 28 心脏除颤及复律 Def ibrillation and Cardioversion 271 29 气管内插管及拔管 Endotracheal Intubation and Extubation 275 30 交换输血 Exchange Transfusion 283 31 外周静脉外渗和渗漏：早期处理 Peripheral IV Extravasation and Inf iltration: Initial Management 288 32 胃和经幽门置管 Gastric and Transpyloric Intubation 290 33 足跟采血(毛细血管采血) Heelstick (Capillary Blood Sampling) 296 34 喉罩气道通路 Laryngeal Mask Airway 300 35 腰椎穿刺(脊椎穿刺) Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap) 303 36 造瘘口护理 Ostomy Care 308 37 腹腔穿刺术 Paracentesis (Abdominal) 312 38 心包穿刺术 Pericardiocentesis 315 39 亚低温治疗 Therapeutic Hypothermia 318 40 透光术 Transillumination 322 41 静脉血管通路：骨髓输液 Venous Access: Intraosseous Infusion 325 42 静脉通路：经皮中心静脉置管 Venous Access: Percutaneous Central Venous Catheterization 328 43 静脉通路：外周静脉置管 Venous Access: Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization 334 44 静脉血管通路：脐静脉置管 Venous Access: Umbilical Vein Catheterization 338 45 静脉血管通路：静脉穿刺(采血) Venous Access: Venipuncture (Phlebotomy) 344 第五部分 急症 On-Call Problems 46 异常血气 Abnormal Blood Gas 348 47 呼吸暂停和心动过缓(A's和B's) Apnea and Bradycardia (“A's and B's”) 357 48 心律失常 Arrhythmia 368 49 便血 Bloody Stool 378 50 高危分娩前患儿父母的咨询 Counseling Parents Before High-Risk Delivery 384 51 发绀 Cyanosis 388 52 新生儿死亡 Death of an Infant 395 53 眼分泌物与结膜炎 Eye Discharge and Conjunctivitis 400 54 胃潴留 Gastric Aspiration (Residuals) 408 55 上消化道出血 Gastrointestinal Bleeding from the upper Tract 414 56 血尿 Hematuria 419 57 高结合胆红素血症 Hyperbilirubinemia, Conjugated 421 58 高未结合胆红素血症 Hyperbilirubinemia, Unconjugated 430 59 高血糖 Hyperglycemia 440 60 高钾血症 Hyperkalemia 446 61 高血压 Hypertension 452 62 低血糖 Hypoglycemia 460 63 低钾血症 Hypoklacemia 470 64 低钠血症 Hyponatremia 475 65 低血压及休克 Hypotension and Shock 480 66 婴儿可以出院了吗 Is the Infant Ready for Discharge 491 67 48小时内未排便 No Stool in 48 Hours 496 68 48小时无尿 No Urine Output in 24 Hours 503 69 气腹 Pneumoperitoneum 509 70 气胸 Pneumothorax 515 71 红细胞增多症 Polycythemia 521 72 低灌注 Poor Perfusion 527 73 出生后抗生素的使用 Postdelivery Antibiotics 531 74 肺出血 Pulmonary Hemorrhage 541 75 皮疹及皮肤问题 Rash and Dermatologic Problems 547 76 镇静和镇痛 Sedation and Analgesia 558 77 惊厥 Seizure Activity 564 78 产伤 Traumatic Delivery 573 79 血管痉挛和血栓形成 Vasospasms and Thromboembolism 582 第六部分 疾病与功能紊乱 Diseases and Disorders 80 ABO血型不合 ABO Incompatibility 594 81 气漏综合征 Air Leak Syndromes 596 82 贫血 Anemia 603 83 呼吸暂停 Apnea 612 84 支气管肺发育不良/慢性肺病 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/Chronic Lung Disease 617 85 代谢紊乱(低钙血症，高钙血症) Calcium Disorders (Hypocalcemia, Hypercalcemia) 622 86 衣原体感染 Chlamydial Infection 628 87 凝血障碍 Coagulation Disorders 631 88 常见的多发先天畸形综合征 Common Multiple Congenital Anomaly Syndromes 648 89 先天性心脏病 Congenital Heart Disease 655 90 巨细胞病毒感染 Cytomegalovirus 664 91 性发育异常 Disorders of Sex Development 669 92 肠道病毒和副肠孤病毒 Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses 677 93 新生儿眼部疾病 Eye Disorders of the Newborn 681 94 淋球菌感染 Gonorrhea 686 95 新生儿肝炎 Hepatitis 688 96 单纯疱疹病毒 Herpes Simplex Viruses 696 97 人免疫缺陷病毒感染 Human Immunodeficiency Virus 701 98 脑积水和脑室扩张 Hydrocephalus and Ventriculomegaly 709 99 高直接胆红素血症(高结合胆红素血症) Hyperbilirubinemia, Direct (Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia) 715 100 高间接胆红素血症(高未结合胆红素血症) Hyperbilirubinemia, Indirect (Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia) 724 101 新生儿期急性起病的遗传代谢性疾病 Inborn Errors of Metabolism with Acute Neonatal Onset 738 102 糖尿病母亲婴儿 Infant of a Diabetic Mother 761 103 物质滥用母亲的婴儿 Infant of Substance-Abusing Mother 767 104 颅内出血 Intracranial Hemorrhage 777 105 宫内生长受限 Intrauterine Growth Restriction (Small for Gestational Age) 786 106 莱姆病 Lyme Disease 796 107 镁代谢紊乱(高镁血症、低镁血症) Magnesium Disorders (Hypomagnesemia, Hypermagnesemia) 800 108 胎粪吸入 Meconium Aspiration 803 109 脑膜炎 Meningitis 808 110 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections 811 111 多胎妊娠 Multiple Gestation 816 112 重症肌无力(新生儿暂时性) Myasthenia Gravis (Transient Neonatal) 821 113 坏死性小肠结肠炎 Necrotizing Enterocolitis 823 114 神经管畸形 Neural Tube Defects 830 115 骨科与肌肉骨骼问题 Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Problems 838 116 早产儿骨质减少症 Osteopenia of Prematurity 846 117 微小病毒B19感染 Parvovirus B19 Infection 851 118 动脉导管未闭 Patent Ductus Arteriosus 854 119 围生期窒息 Perinatal Asphyxia 859 120 新生儿持续肺动脉高压 Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn 870 121 百日咳 Pertussis 878 122 红细胞增多和高黏滞血症 Polycythemia and Hyperviscosity 882 123 急性肾功能衰竭(急性肾损伤) Renal Failure, Acute (Acute Kidney Injury) 886 124 呼吸窘迫综合征 Respiratory Distress Syndrome 891 125 呼吸道合胞病毒 Respiratory Syncytial Virus 896 126 早产儿视网膜病变 Retinopathy of Prematurity 900 127 Rh溶血病 Rh Incompatibility 905 128 风疹 Rubella 911 129 新生儿惊厥 Seizures 914 130 脓毒症 Sepsis 922 131 自发性肠穿孔 Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation 931 132 新生儿外科疾病：腹部肿块 Surgical Disease of the Newborn: Abdominal Masses 934 133 新生儿外科疾病：腹壁缺损 Surgical Disease of the Newborn: Abdominal Wall Defects 936 134 新生儿外科疾病：消化道梗阻 Surgical Diseases of the Newborn: Alimentary Tract Obstruction 939 135 新生儿外科疾病：气道、支气管及肺部疾病 Surgical Diseases of the Newborn: Diseases of the Airway, Tracheobronchial Tree, and Lungs 944 136 新生儿外科疾病：腹膜后肿瘤 Surgical Diseases of the Newborn: Retroperitoneal Tumors 949 137 新生儿外科疾病：泌尿系统畸形 Surgical Diseases of the Newborn: Urologic Disorders 951 138 梅毒 Syphilis 956 139 血小板减少及血小板功能障碍 Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Dysfunction 962 140 甲状腺疾病 Thyroid Disorders 968 141 TORCH感染 TORCH Infection 975 142 弓形体病 Toxoplasmosis 976 143 新生儿暂时性呼吸增快 Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn 981 144 结核 Tuberculosis 988 145 解脲支原体感染 Ureaplasma Infection 993 146 尿路感染 Urinary Tract Infection 995 147 水痘 — 带状疱疹病毒感染 Varicella-zoster infection 997 第七部分 新生儿药理学 Neonatal Pharmacology 148 新生儿重症监护室使用的药物 Medications Used in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 1004 149 药物和物质对哺乳和婴儿的影响 Effects of Drugs and Substances on Lactation and Infants 1115 附 录 Appendices 附录A 新生儿学常用缩略词 Abbreviations Used in Neonatology 1138 附录B 新生儿Apgar 评分 Apgar Scoring 1172 附录C 血压测量 Blood Pressure Determinations 1172 附录D 病历记录 Chartwork 1174 附录E 预防接种表 Immunization Tables 1178 附录F 隔离指导原则 Isolation Guidelines 1181 附录G 体温换算表 Temperature Conversion Table 1187 附录H 体重换算表 Weight Conversion Table 1188 附录I 彩色插图 Color Insert 1189