一诺千金 中国精准扶贫路径与实践

　　Innovate the use of ecological funds.The funds for ecological com-pensation and ecological protection projects have been used to hire partof the poor popu.lation with the ability to work to protect forests.This isan approach worth trying.Of course, we need to pay more attention to specific policy implementation.　　Improve the system for ecological compensation of forests, grass-lands and wetlands.China has raised the standards of compensation to benefit farmers while protecting and restoring the ecological environ-ment.In fact, the compensation standards for those living in protected areas are very low, with the so-called compensation merely as a system-atic symbol.There are actually many problems yet to be solved in imple-mentation.That being said, China is generaUy very active in its response to climate change.However, due to restrictions of all kinds, the mea-sures for coping with global climate change - ecological compensation,cross-regional compensation, carbon trading, and carbon tax, for exam-ple-are still very limited.　　Some ecologically fragile poverty-stricken areas provide no means of subsistence.Relocating the poor residents to places where they can find jobs is the best way to Lift them out of poverty and the most effective Stfategic measure for alleviating the pressure on the ecological environ-ment in these poor areas.The central government has deaded to relocate 10 million people in the next five years, a measure requiring considerable investment.According to the arrangement and years of experience, we estimate that relocating one person costs about RMB 60,000.In other words, the government will have to invest RMB 600 billion, by issu.ing state bonds, local government bonds, and financial bonds in the next five years, just to relocate the poor population.　　In the next five years, investing money to wipe out the scourge of poverty will not be the most important issue.The question is how to wisely use the funds to help the poor.For example, the average reloca-tion fee of RMB 60,000 means that the fee varies according to circum-stances.The funds must be used to ensure that the relocated population will not get into debt after building houses for themselves.And corre-sponding packages involving infrastructure, public services, and industrial support must be adopted to help them.The central government made it clear that we must speed up the projects for relocating the impoverished population living in areas with poor living conditions, a fragile ecological environment, lack of resources, and frequent disasters.A relocation mea-sure for poverty alleviation is generally to move all the poor households across an impoverished village, thus involving the poor farmers' interests in terms of the adjustment of their rights of land and property, hence an extremely complex, systematic project.Globally, it is actually movmg the poor to new places through engineering initiatives - an approach that of-ten leaves a sequel requiring a long-term solution and thus is regarded as a last resort.　　……