化工原理:英文版:下册:Ⅱ

Chapter 1 Introduction to Mass Transfer Processes 1
1．1 Mass Transfer Processes 1
1．1．1 Mass Transfer and Other Separation Methods 1
1．1．2 Representation of Phase Compositions 4
1．2 Mass Transfer Theories 7
1．2．1 Molecular Diffusion 7
1．2．2 Mass Transfer in a Single Phase 17
1．2．3 Mass Transfer between Phases 19
Words and Expressions 22
Notes 22
Calculation Exercises 24
Short Assay Exercises 24

Chapter 2 Gas Absorption 25
2．1 Introduction 25
2．1．1 Gas Absorption Processes 25
2．1．2 Absorbent Selection 27
2．1．3 Classification of Gas Absorption 27
2．2 Gas-liquid Equilibrium of Absorption 28
2．2．1 Solubility of Gas in Liquid 28
2．2．2 Henry's Law 29
2．2．3 Application of Phase Equilibrium Relation in Absorption Processes 33
2．3 Absorption Rate Equations 35
2．3．1 Film Absorption Rate Equations 35
2．3．2 Overall Absorption Rate Equations 38
2．3．3 Application Specifications of Absorption Rate Equations 41
2．4 Design Calculations for Absorption (or Desorption) Columns 42
2．4．1 Material Balance and Operating Line Equations 42
2．4．2 Determination of Absorbent Dosage 44
2．4．3 Calculation of Columns' Required Diameter 47
2．4．4 Calculation of Packed Layer Height 47
2．5 Absorption Coefficients 57
2．5．1 Determination of Absorption Coefficients 58
2．5．2 Empirical Equations for Absorption Coefficients 59
2．5．3 Characteristic Number Correlation Equations of Absorption Coefficients 60
2．6 Desorption and Other Absorption Processes 64
2．6．1 Desorption or Stripping 64
2．6．2 Absorption from Rich Gases 66
2．6．3 Absorption with Chemical Reactions 68
2．7 Packed Columns 69
2．7．1 Characteristic Parameters and Types of Packings 69
2．7．2 Hydrodynamic Properties of Packed Columns 75
Words and Expressions 81
Notes 81
Calculation Exercises 83
Short Assay Exercises 84

Chapter 3 Distillation 85
3．1 Introduction 85
3．2 Vapor-liquid Equilibrium of Binary Solutions 86
3．2．1 Raoult's Law for Ideal Solutions 86
3．2．2 Relative Volatility of Vapor-liquid Systems 86
3．2．3 Vapor-liquid Equilibrium Phase Diagrams of Ideal Binary Systems 87
3．2．4 Vapor-liquid Equilibrium Phase Diagrams of Non-ideal Binary Systems 89
3．3 Flash Distillation and Simple Distillation 91
3．3．1 Flash Distillation 91
3．3．2 Principles and Calculations of Simple Distillation 94
3．4 Principles and Processes of Continuous Distillation 97
3．4．1 Principles of Distillation 97
3．4．2 Distillation Columns and Operating Processes of Distillation 99
3．5 Design of Continuous Distillation Columns for Binary Mixtures 101
3．5．1 Concept of Ideal Plates and Hypothesis of Constant Molar Flow 102
3．5．2 Material Balance and Operating Line Equations 103
3．5．3 Effects of Feed Conditions and q Line 107
3．5．4 The Number of Ideal Plates 111
3．5．5 Special Cases for Calculation of Ideal Plates 116
3．5．6 Selection and Influence of the Reflux Ratio 126
3．5．7 Short-cut Method for Calculation of the Number of Ideal Plates 132
3．5．8 Plate Efficiency and Actual Plates 135
3．5．9 Process Calculations of Reboilers and Condensers 138
3．5．10 Operation Analysis of Distillation Columns 143
3．6 Batch Distillation for Binary Mixtures 146
3．6．1 Processes and Characteristics of Batch Distillation 146
3．6．2 Calculation of Batch Distillation with Overhead Distillate at Constant Composition 146
3．6．3 Calculation of Batch Distillation with Constant Reflux Ratio 149
3．7 Special Distillation 151
3．7．1 Azeotropic Distillation 151
3．7．2 Extractive Distillation 153
3．7．3 Molten Salt Distillation and Salt Extraction Distillation 154
3．8 Plate Columns 155
3．8．1 Plate Column Equipment 155
3．8．2 Plate Types and Fluid Flow Phenomena on Plates 157
Words and Expressions 161
Notes 162
Calculation Exercises 164
Short Assay Exercises 168

Chapter 4 Liquid-liquid Extraction 169
4．1 Phase Equilibrium 170
4．1．1 Liquid-liquid Equilibrium 170
4．1．2 Effects of Temperature on Phase Equilibrium 177
4．1．3 Representation of Extraction Processes in Triangular Phase Diagram 178
4．1．4 Selection of Extractants 180
4．2 Calculations for Extraction 184
4．2．1 Calculations for Single-stage Extraction 184
4．2．2 Calculations for Multistage Cross-current Extraction 188
4．2．3 Calculations for Multistage Counter-current Extraction 194
4．3 Liquid Extraction Equipment 202
4．3．1 Mixer-settler 203
4．3．2 Column Extraction Equipment 205
4．3．3 Centrifugal Extraction Equipment 208
4．3．4 Fluid Flow and Mass Transfer Characteristics of Liquid-liquid Mass Transfer Equipment 209
4．3．5 Selection of Extraction Equipment 213
Words and Expressions 214
Notes 214
Calculation Exercises 216
Short Assay Exercises 219

Chapter 5 Drying 220
5．1 Introduction 220
5．1．1 Purposes of Drying 220
5．1．2 Methods of Drying 220
5．1．3 Factors Affecting Drying Processes 221
5．2 Nature of Wet Air and Wet Materials 223
5．2．1 Nature of Wet Air 223
5．2．2 Enthalpy-humidity Diagram of Wet Air and Its Applications 231
5．3 Properties of Wet Materials 235
5．3．1 Moisture Content of Materials 235
5．3．2 Classification of Wet Materials 236
5．3．3 Combined State of Material and Moisture 237
5．4 Material Balance and Energy Balance in Drying Processes 240
5．4．1 Material Balance 240
5．4．2 Energy Balance 241
5．4．3 State Change of Air Passing Through Dryers 244
5．4．4 Heat Efficiency and Energy Saving of Dryers 249
5．5 Drying Kinetics 252
5．5．1 Drying Kinetics Test 253
5．5．2 Calculation of Drying Time 256
5．6 Dryers 263
5．6．1 Classification of Dryers 263
5．6．2 Van Dryers and Tunnel Dryers 264
5．6．3 Rotary Dryers 268
5．6．4 Belt Dryers 270
5．6．5 Drum Dryers 272
5．6．6 Spray Drying 274
5．6．7 Fluidized Bed Drying 277
5．6．8 Airflow Drying 281
5．6．9 Microwave and High Frequency Drying 283
Words and Expressions 285
Notes 285
Calculation Exercises 287
Short Assay Exercises 289

Chapter 6 Other Types of Mass Transfer Separation Processes 290
6．1 Membrane Separation 290
6．1．1 Separation Membrane and Membrane Modules 290
6．1．2 Membrane Separation Processes 292
6．2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction 299
6．2．1 Supercritical Fluids 299
6．2．2 The Extraction Processes of SFE 301
6．2．3 Applications of Supercritical Fluid Extraction 302
6．3 Adsorption 303
6．3．1 Adsorption Processes 303
6．3．2 Adsorbents 304
6．3．3 Adsorption Isotherms 305
6．3．4 Adsorption Rate 307
6．3．5 Fixed-bed Adsorption 308
Words and Expressions 310
Notes 310
Short Assay Exercises 311

Main References 312

Exercise Answers 313