药物的作用机理:[英文本]

ⅰ.introduction
a.general principles of drug actions
b.drugs act on biomolecules
1.drugs acting specifically on biosubstances of higher molecular weight
2.drugs acting non-specifically or physicochemically
3.drugs for selective supplementation
c.drugs have divergent and convergent actions
1.a drug causes divergent effects
2.drugs cause a convergent effect
3.most drugs act in divergent and/or convergent manner
ⅱ.most drugs act on proteins
a.enzymes
1.enzymes involved in metabolism of bioactive substances
2.enzymes involved in metabolism of constituents of the body
3.enzymes involved in metabolism of microorganisms
b.receptors
1.g-protein-coupled receptors（gpcr）
2.tyrosine kinase-coupled receptors
3.cytoplasmic or intranuclear receptors
c.ion channels
1.ligand-gated ion channels（lgic）
2.voltage-dependent ion channels（vdic）
d.transporters
1.pumps
2.ion transporters
3.transporters of bioactive substances
4.drug transporters
ⅲ.drugs have divergent and convergent effects
a.drugs used for diseases of digestive systems
1.drugs used for constipation（cathartics, laxatives, purgatives）
　　2.drugs used for peptic ulcers
　3.drugs used for nausea and vomiting（antiemetics）
　4.drugs used for gastric hypokinetics（prokinetic drugs）
　b.drugs used for diseases of cardiovascular systems
　5.drugs used for lowering blood pressure（antihypertensive　drugs ）
　 6.drugs used to increase urine volume（diuretics）
　7.drugs used for treatment of angina pectoris
　　8.drugs used for congestive heart failure
　 9.drugs used for cardiac arrhythmia（antiarrhythmic drugs）
　 10.drugs used to suppress platelet activity（antiplatelet drugs）
　11.drugs used for hypercholesterolemia（hyperlipidemia）
　 12.drugs used for shock
　 13.drugs used for anemia
　c.drugs used for diseases of inflammation and immune systems
　 14.drugs used for bronchial asthma（including bronchodilators）
　 15.drugs used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis（antirheumatoid drugs ）
　 16.drugs used to suppress immune systems（immunosuppressants）
　 17.drugs used for pain, fever and inflammation（analgesic antipyretic anti-inflammatory drugs）　
　 18.drugs used for gout
　d.drugs used for diseases of central nervous systems
　 19.drugs used for parkinson disease（paralysis agitans）
　20.drugs used for epilepsy（antiepileptics, antiseizure drugs）
　21.drugs used for depression（antidepressants）
　 22.drugs used for migraine
　 23.drugs used for ischemic stroke
　e.drugs used for infection and cancer（chemotherapeutic drugs）
　 24.drugs used for bacterial infection（antibacterial drugs）
　 25.drugs used for viral infection（antiviral drugs）
　 26.drugs used for fungal infection（antifungal drugs）
　 27.drugs used for cancer（anticancer or antineoplastic drugs）
　f.drugs used for diseases of metabolism and endocrine systems
　 28.drugs used for treatment diabetes mellitus
　 29.drugs used for hyperthyroidism（antithvroid drugs）
　 30.drugs used for osteoporosis
　 31.drugs used for obesity（antiobesity drugs）
　g.drugs used for diseases of urogenital systems
32.drugs used for subfertility
33.drugs used to affect uterine contraction
34.drugs used for frequent urination of urinary incontinence
acknowledgements
references
index and abbreviations