Modern Hydrological Monitoring Technology

Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction
1．1 Challenges to Hydrological Monitoring
1．1．1 New Objectives for Social Development
1．1．2 New Requirements for Flood Control and Drought Relie
1．1．3 New Demands for Water Resources Management
1．1．4 New Tasks for Protection of Ecological Environment
1．1．5 New Requirements for Construction and Operation of Water Projects
1．1．6 Technical Support and Guarantee Provided by Information-based Society
1．2 Demands on Hydrological Monitoring
1．2．1 Requirements of Flood Control Safety on Hydrological Monitoring
1．2．2 Demands on Hydrological Monitoring in Various Types of Construction Projects
1．2．3 Demands on Hydrological Monitoring by the Strictest Water Resource Management
1．2．4 Other Demands on Hydrological Monitoring of the Society
1．3 Research Purpose

Chapter 2 Modern HydrologicaI Monitoring System
2．1 Development of Hydrological Monitoring System in China
2．1．1 Before
2．1．2 1949 to 1957
2．1．3 1958 to the end of 1978
2．1．4 The end of1978 to
2．1．5 After 2007
2．2 Overview of Hydrological Monitoring Systems in Other Countries
2．2．1 Hydrological Monitoring in USA
2．2．2 Brief Introduction to Hydrological Monitoring in Other Countries
2．3 Modem HydrologicaI Monitoring Systems．．，
2．3．1 Composition of a Hydrological Monitoring System
2．3．2 Differences in Hydrological Monitoring Systems at Home and Abroad
2．3．3 Problems with Hydrological Monitoring System in China
2．3．4 Innovation of Modern Hydrological Monitoring Systems
2．4 Development of Existing Technical Standards
2．4．1 Overview of Existing Standards in China
2．4．2 Adaptability Evaluation of Major Standards in Use

Chapter 3 Precipitation and Evaporation Observation
3．1 Precipitation Observation
3．1．1 Requirements and Methods of Precipitation Observation
3．1．2 Manual Observation of Precipitatio
3．1．3 Manual Observation of Solid Precipitation
3．1．4 Introduction to Siphon Rainfall Recorder
3．1．5 Tipping-bucket Rainfall Recorder
3．1．6 Weighing Rainfall Recorders
3．1．7 Introduction to the Stage-measuring Type Rainfall Recorders
3．1．8 Optical Rainfall Recorders
3．1．9 Rain and Snow Recorders
3．1．10 Snow Gauges
3．1．11 Output and Record of Precipitation Observation Data
3．1．12 Installation of Precipitation Observation Instruments
3．1．13 Brief Description of Precipitation Observation Errors
3．1．14 Brief Description of Precipitation Monitoring by Radar
3．2 Observation of Water Surface Evaporatio
3．2．1 Requirements on Observation of Water Surface Evaporation
3．2．2 20 cm-diameter Evaporation Pans
3．2．3 E601B Evaporation Pan
3．2．4 Evaporation Pan Used Abroad
3．2．5 Evaporimeter
3．2．6 Large-sized Water Surface Evaporation Yard
3．2．7 Brief Description of Evaporation Observation Error

Chapter 4 Stage Observation
4．1 Methods and Requirements for Stage Observation
4．1．1 Methods for Stage Observation
4．1．2 Requirements for Stage Observation
4．2 Equipment for Stage Observation
……
Chapter 5 Discharge Measurement
Chapter 6 Sediment Measurement
Chapter 7 Monitoring of Groundwater and Soil Moisture
Chapter 8 Fast Field Monitoring and Automatic Online Monitoring of Water Quality
Chapter 9 Aquatic Ecology Monitoring
Chapter 10 Underwater Topographic Survey
Chapter 11 Emergency Monitoring
Chapter 12 Organization and Implementation of Hydrometric Tour Gauging
Chapter 13 Hydrological Data Auto-acquisition and Transmission System
Chapter 14 Hydrologic Data Processing and Management
Chapter 15 Prospects
References