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01 约旦发现世界上*古老的面包 Step 1读一读 The burned remains of bread made about 14,500 years ago in northeastern Jordan have given scientists a surprise: humans started making bread long before they developed agriculture. The bread was found in a stone fireplace at an ancient site in Jordan's Black Desert. It is the oldest bread ever found. Researchers said this week that the discovery shows that hunter-gatherers in the Eastern Mediterranean learned to make bread more than 4,000 years before farming began. That is much earlier than scientists had thought. The bread was made from wild cereals like barley and oats, as well as tubers. It was made by a group of people called the Natufians. At the time, they had started to change from a nomadic way of life to one in which they stayed in one place. Amaia Arranz-Otaegui was a lead writer and researcher of the study. She is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. She called the bread discovery "exceptional." Arranz-Otaegui said scientists must now consider whether there was a relationship between bread production and the beginning of agriculture. She added that the desire for bread may have led nomadic people to start growing food and staying in one area. She also said the researchers have begun the process of trying to reproduce the prehistoric bread. "The bread might not have been very tasty," Arranz-Otaegui said. She described the taste of the tubers used for the flour as "Quite gritty and salty. But it is a bit sweet as well." The next oldest bread ever discovered was found in Turkey. It was over 9,000 years old. Key words and phrases remain [r????me??n] n. 残留 v. 保持 agriculture [??ægr??k??lt????(r)] n. 农业 cereal [??s????r????l] n. 谷类 barley [bɑ??l??] n. 大麦 oat [????t] n. 燕麦 tuber [??tju:b??(r)] n. 块茎 be made from 由……制成 Step 2剪一剪 The burned remains (of bread) (made about 14,500 years ago) (in northeastern Jordan) have given scientists a surprise: (humans started making bread long before they developed agriculture). → 在约旦东北部发现的大约制作于14500年前的面包残留物给科学家们带来了惊喜：人类早在发展农业之前就开始制作面包了。 The bread was found (in a stone fireplace) (at an ancient site) (in Jordan's Black Desert). → 这块面包发现于约旦黑沙漠一处古老遗址的一个石头壁炉里。 It is the oldest bread (ever) (found). → 这是迄今为止发现的*古老的面包。 Researchers said (this week) that the discovery shows that hunter-gatherers (in the Eastern Mediterranean) learned to make bread (more than 4,000 years) (before farming began). → 研究人员本周表示，这个发现证明了地中海东部的狩猎采集者在农业兴起的4000多年前就已经学会了制作面包。 That is (much) earlier (than scientists had thought). → 这比科学家们设想的要早得多。 The bread was made from wild cereals (like barley and oats), (as well as tubers). → 这些面包是由野生谷类如大麦、燕麦以及块茎制作而成的。 It was made by a group of people (called the Natufians). → 那是由一群纳图夫人制作的。 (At the time), they had started to change (from a nomadic way) (of life) (to one) (in which they stayed in one place). → 当时，他们已经开始从一种游牧的生活方式向一种在一个固定地方生活的方式转变了。 Amaia Arranz-Otaegui was a lead writer and researcher (of the study). → 阿梅亚 ?? 阿兰兹 ?? 奥塔吉是这项研究的主要作者和研究员。 She is a postdoctoral researcher (at the University of Copenhagen) (in Denmark). → 她是丹麦哥本哈根大学的博士后研究员。 She called the bread discovery "exceptional". → 她说对面包的发现“非比寻常”。 Arranz-Otaegui said scientists must (now) consider whether there was a relationship (between bread production and the beginning) (of agriculture). → 阿兰兹 ?? 奥塔吉表示科学家们现在必须考虑面包生产和农业起源之间是否有关系。 She added that the desire (for bread) may have led nomadic people to start growing food and staying (in one area). → 她还表示对面包的渴望可能是导致游牧民族开始种植食物并在一个地区定居的原因。 She (also) said the researchers have begun the process (of trying to reproduce the prehistoric bread). → 她也表示，研究人员已经开始尝试还原这种史前面包了。 The bread might not have been (very) tasty, Arranz-Otaegui said. → 阿兰兹 ?? 奥塔吉说这些面包可能味道不是那么好。 She described the taste (of the tubers) (used for the flour) (as "Quite gritty and salty). (But it is a bit sweet as well.") → 她形容制作面粉的植物块茎“十分有嚼劲而且很咸，但是也有一点甜”。 The next oldest bread (ever) (discovered) was found (in Turkey). → 第二古老的面包发现于土耳其。 It was (over) 9,000 years old. → 那种面包生产于9000 多年前。 剪枝小结 介词+名词：of bread; in northeastern Jordan; in a stone fireplace; at an ancient site; in Jordan's Black Desert; in the Eastern Mediterranean; like barley and oats; as well as tubers; At the time; from a nomadic way; of life; to one; of the study; at the University of Copenhagen; in Denmark; between bread production and the beginning; of agriculture; for bread; in one area; of the tubers; in Turkey 介词+动名词：of trying to reproduce the prehistoric bread 副词：ever; this week; more than 4,000 years; much; also; very; over 非谓结构：made about 14,500 years ago; found; called the Natufians; used for the flour; discovered 定语从句：in which they stayed in one place 状语从句：before farming began; than scientists had thought 内容解释：humans started making bread long before they developed agriculture; But it is a bit sweet as well. Step 3写一写 1. 也许这位主要作家还有其他研究人员都认同此事。（as well as） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　　　　　　 2. 对成功的渴望是导致人们不断前进的动力之一。（desire for） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　　　　　　 3. 人们同意从工业经济模式向环保经济模式转变。（change from ... to ...） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　　　　　　 4. 研究证明这个洞穴有人居住过，研究人员在那里发现了火的痕迹。（in which） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　　　　　　 5. 第二重要的发现是位于一个山崖上的木屋。（next + 形容词*高级） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　　　　　　 参考答案 1. Perhaps the lead writer, as well as other researchers, agrees on this. 2. The desire for success is one of the motive forces to drive people forward. 3. People agree on the change from the model of industrial economy to environmental economy. 4. The study shows that the cave was inhabited in which the researchers have found the fire traces. 5. The next most important discovery is a cabin on a cliff. Step 4 答一答 根据文章内容，回答下列问题。 1. What's the time difference between the oldest bread and the next oldest bread according to the News? 2. What are the researchers doing according to Arranz-Otaegui? 3. What is the reason why nomadic people began to stay in one place? 参考答案 1. About 5500 years. 解析：题干询问的是*古老的面包和第二古老的面包之间的时间差，将两个年份相减即可。 2. They are trying to reproduce the prehistoric bread. 解析：题干询问的是“根据阿兰兹 ?? 奥塔吉的话，研究人员正在做什么”，可定位至第六段。 3. Desire for bread. 解析：题干询问的是“游牧民族为什么开始在一个地方定居”，可定位至第五段。 Distant water can't put out a nearby ________. 远水救不了近火。 解析 put out 为常用短语，表示“扑灭”。Ans fire STEP04 单词会话运用 A: I just accidentally cut my finger. B: I will get some ointment from the drugstore now. A: 我刚刚不小心割伤了手指头。 B: 我现在就去药店买药膏。 A: Mr. Wang is writing a sentence on the blackboard. B: I can't see it clearly. A: 王老师正在黑板上写句子。 B: 我看不清楚。