中国经济发展的历程与前景

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《中国经济发展的历程与前景》是由经济管理出版社出版的。

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插图：3. Contribution to technical progressThrough foreign trade, China has brought in large quantities of advanced technology and equipment. Most foreign investment goes to capital and technology intensive industries like the manufacturing of telecommunication equipment, computers, transport equipment, electric machinery and apparatus. All such investment contributes to the upgrading of industries and exporting. In 2007, foreign-funded enterprises accounted for 64.3% of output of China's high-tecti industries. Of China's total exports in 2007, the share of electromechanical and high-tech products was 57.6% and 28.6% respectively, and those made by foreign-funded firms accounted for 73% and 87% respectively. Currently, foreign investors have set up more than 1,100 R&D centers in China. In tandem with opening-up, "Made-in-China" increasingly represents better quality and higher know how.4. Contribution to sustainable developmentImporting serves as a major channel in easing the pressure of limited per-capita resources in China. In 2007, the net import of primary goods reached US $181.4 billion, which greatly eased resource shortages, supported rapid economic growth and met social needs. The importing of resource-intensive goods like agricultural products can be regarded as the import of non-tradable scarce resources of land and freshwater. According to a UNFAO estimate, the amount of freshwater indirectly imported through agricultural trade is equivalent to 13% of water consumption for global grain production. Freshwater imported by Japan in the form of agricultural trade surpasses its domestic irrigation water consumption. According to research by Chinese experts, China imported 31.5 million tons of soybeans in 2006, which otherwise would take 18.1 million hectares (five times the soybean planting area of Heilongjiang province) to grow domestically. The arable land resources that are saved can grow other sorts of crops (Chang Qing, Wang Jun, 2007). The constraining of China's factor endowment has been alleviated through exporting labor intensive goods and importing resource intensive goods.