跟美国学生同步做数学

PART 1 RATIOS AND PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS (RP)

Chapter 01

COMPUTE UNIT RATES ASSOCIATED WITH RATIOS OF FRACTIONS, INCLUDING RATIOS OF LENGTHS, AREAS AND OTHER QUANTITIES MEASURED IN LIKE OR DIFFERENT UNITS. (RP. 1)

Chapter 02

RECOGNIZE AND REPRESENT PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN QUANTITIES. DECIDE WHETHER TWO QUANTITIES ARE IN A PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIP. (RP. 2A)

Chapter 03

RECOGNIZE AND REPRESENT PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN QUANTITIES. IDENTIFY THE CONSTANT OF PROPORTIONALITY (UNIT RATE) IN TABLES, GRAPHS, EQUATIONS, DIAGRAMS, AND VERBAL DESCRIPTIONS OF PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS. (RP. 2B)

Chapter 04

RECOGNIZE AND REPRESENT PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN QUANTITIES. REPRESENT PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS BY EQUATIONS. (RP. 2C)

Chapter 05

RECOGNIZE AND REPRESENT PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN QUANTITIES. EXPLAIN WHAT A POINT (X, Y) ON THE GRAPH OF A PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIP MEANS IN TERMS OF THE SITUATION, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE POINTS (0, 0) AND (1, R) WHERE R IS THE UNIT RATE. (RP. 2D)

Chapter 06

USE PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS TO SOLVE MULTISTEP RATIO AND PERCENT PROBLEMS. (RP. 3)

PART 2 THE NUMBER SYSTEM (NS)

Chapter 07

APPLY AND EXTEND PREVIOUS UNDERSTANDINGS OF ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION TO ADD AND SUBTRACT RATIONAL NUMBERS; REPRESENT ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION ON A HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL NUMBER LINE DIAGRAM. DESCRIBE SITUATIONS IN WHICH OPPOSITE QUANTITIES COMBINE TO MAKE 0. (NS. 1A)

Chapter 08

UNDERSTAND P + Q AS THE NUMBER LOCATED A DISTANCE |Q| FROM P, IN THE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE DIRECTION DEPENDING ON WHETHER Q IS POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE. SHOW THAT A NUMBER AND ITS OPPOSITE HAVE A SUM OF 0. INTERPRET SUMS OF RATIONAL NUMBERS BY DESCRIBING REAL-WORLD CONTEXTS. (NS. 1B)

Chapter 09

UNDERSTAND SUBTRACTION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS AS ADDING THE ADDITIVE INVERSE, P - Q = P + (-Q). SHOW THAT THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO RATIONAL NUMBERS ON THE NUMBER LINE IS THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF THEIR DIFFERENCE, AND APPLY THIS PRINCIPLE IN REAL-WORLD CONTEXTS. (NS. 1C)

Chapter 10

APPLY PROPERTIES OF OPERATIONS AS STRATEGIES TO ADD AND SUBTRACT RATIONAL NUMBERS. (NS. 1D)

Chapter 11

APPLY AND EXTEND PREVIOUS UNDERSTANDINGS OF MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION AND OF FRACTIONS TO MULTIPLY AND DIVIDE RATIONAL NUMBERS. UNDERSTAND THAT MULTIPLICATION IS EXTENDED FROM FRACTIONS TO RATIONAL NUMBERS BY REQUIRING THAT OPERATIONS CONTINUE TO SATISFY THE PROPERTIES OF OPERATIONS, PARTICULARLY THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY AND THE RULES FOR MULTIPLYING SIGNED NUMBERS. INTERPRET PRODUCTS OF RATIONAL NUMBERS BY DESCRIBING REAL-WORLD CONTEXTS. (NS. 2A)

Chapter 12

APPLY AND EXTEND PREVIOUS UNDERSTANDINGS OF MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION AND OF FRACTIONS TO MULTIPLY AND DIVIDE RATIONAL NUMBERS. UNDERSTAND THAT INTEGERS CAN BE DIVIDED, PROVIDED THAT THE DIVISOR IS NOT ZERO, AND EVERY QUOTIENT OF INTEGERS (WITH NON-ZERO DIVISOR) IS A RATIONAL NUMBER. INTERPRET QUOTIENTS OF RATIONAL NUMBERS BY DESCRIBING REAL WORLD CONTEXTS. (NS. 2B)

Chapter 13

APPLY AND EXTEND PREVIOUS UNDERSTANDINGS OF MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION AND OF FRACTIONS TO MULTIPLY AND DIVIDE RATIONAL NUMBERS. APPLY PROPERTIES OF OPERATIONS AS STRATEGIES TO MULTIPLY AND DIVIDE RATIONAL NUMBERS. (NS. 2C)

Chapter 14

APPLY AND EXTEND PREVIOUS UNDERSTANDINGS OF MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION AND OF FRACTIONS TO MULTIPLY AND DIVIDE RATIONAL NUMBERS. CONVERT A RATIONAL NUMBER TO A DECIMAL USING LONG DIVISION; KNOW THAT THE DECIMAL FORM OF A RATIONAL NUMBER TERMINATES IN ZEROES OR EVENTUALLY REPEATS. (NS. 2D)

Chapter 15

APPLY AND EXTEND PREVIOUS UNDERSTANDINGS OF MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION AND OF FRACTIONS TO MULTIPLY AND DIVIDE RATIONAL NUMBERS. SOLVE REAL-WORLD AND MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING THE FOUR OPERATIONS WITH RATIONAL NUMBERS. (NS. 3)

Chapter 16

APPLY PROPERTIES OF OPERATIONS AS STRATEGIES TO ADD, SUBTRACT, FACTOR, AND EXPAND LINEAR EXPRESSIONS WITH RATIONAL COEFFICIENTS. (NS. 4)

PART 3 EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS (EE)

Chapter 17

UNDERSTAND THAT REWRITING AN EXPRESSION IN DIFFERENT FORMS IN A PROBLEM CONTEXT CAN SHED LIGHT ON THE PROBLEM AND HOW THE QUANTITIES IN IT ARE RELATED. (EE. 1)

Chapter 18

SOLVE MULTI-STEP REAL-LIFE AND MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS POSED WITH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE RATIONAL NUMBERS IN ANY FORM, USING TOOLS STRATEGICALLY. APPLY PROPERTIES OF OPERATIONS TO CALCULATE WITH NUMBERS IN ANY FORM; CONVERT BETWEEN FORMS AS APPROPRIATE; AND ASSESS THE REASONABLENESS OF ANSWERS USING MENTAL COMPUTATION AND ESTIMATION STRATEGIES. (EE. 2)

Chapter 19

SOLVE WORD PROBLEMS LEADING TO EQUATIONS OF THE FORM PX + Q = R AND P(X + Q) = R, WHERE P, Q, AND R ARE SPECIFIC RATIONAL NUMBERS. SOLVE EQUATIONS OF THESE FORMS FLUENTLY. COMPARE AN ALGEBRAIC SOLUTION TO AN ARITHMETIC SOLUTION, IDENTIFYING THE SEQUENCE OF THE OPERATIONS USED IN EACH APPROACH. (EE. 3A)

Chapter 20

SOLVE WORD PROBLEMS LEADING TO INEQUALITIES OF THE FORM PX + Q > R OR PX + Q < r,="" where="" p,="" q,="" and="" r="" are="" specific="" rational="" numbers.="" graph="" the="" solution="" set="" of="" the="" inequality="" and="" interpret="" it="" in="" the="" context="" of="" the="" problem.="" (ee.="">

PART 4 GEOMETRY (G)

Chapter 21

SOLVE PROBLEMS INVOLVING SCALE DRAWINGS OF GEOMETRIC FIGURES, INCLUDING COMPUTING ACTUAL LENGTHS AND AREAS FROM A SCALE DRAWING AND REPRODUCING A SCALE DRAWING AT A DIFFERENT SCALE. (G. 1)

Chapter 22

DRAW (FREEHAND, WITH RULER AND PROTRACTOR, AND WITH TECHNOLOGY) GEOMETRIC SHAPES WITH GIVEN CONDITIONS. FOCUS ON CONSTRUCTING TRIANGLES FROM THREE MEASURES OF ANGLES OR SIDES, NOTICING WHEN THE CONDITIONS DETERMINE A UNIQUE TRIANGLE, MORE THAN ONE TRIANGLE, OR NO TRIANGLE. (G. 2)

Chapter 23

DESCRIBE THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL FIGURES THAT RESULT FROM SLICING THREE DIMENSIONAL FIGURES, AS IN PLANE SECTIONS OF RIGHT RECTANGULAR PRISMS AND RIGHT RECTANGULAR PYRAMIDS. (G. 3)

Chapter 24

KNOW THE FORMULAS FOR THE AREA AND CIRCUMFERENCE OF A CIRCLE AND USE THEM TO SOLVE PROBLEMS; GIVE AN INFORMAL DERIVATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CIRCUMFERENCE AND AREA OF A CIRCLE. (G. 4)

Chapter 25

USE FACTS ABOUT SUPPLEMENTARY, COMPLEMENTARY, VERTICAL, AND ADJACENT ANGLES IN A MULTI-STEP PROBLEM TO WRITE AND SOLVE SIMPLE EQUATIONS FOR AN UNKNOWN ANGLE IN A FIGURE. (G. 5)

Chapter 26

SOLVE REAL-WORLD AND MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING AREA, VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA OF TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS COMPOSED OF TRIANGLES, QUADRILATERALS, POLYGONS, CUBES, AND RIGHT PRISMS. (G. 6)

PART 5 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY (SP)

Chapter 27

UNDERSTAND THAT STATISTICS CAN BE USED TO GAIN INFORMATION ABOUT A POPULATION BY EXAMINING A SAMPLE OF THE POPULATION; GENERALIZATIONS ABOUT A POPULATION FROM A SAMPLE ARE VALID ONLY IF THE SAMPLE IS REPRESENTATIVE OF THAT POPULATION. UNDERSTAND THAT RANDOM SAMPLING TENDS TO PRODUCE REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES AND SUPPORT VALID INFERENCES. (SP. 1)

Chapter 28

USE DATA FROM A RANDOM SAMPLE TO DRAW INFERENCES ABOUT A POPULATION WITH AN UNKNOWN CHARACTERISTIC OF INTEREST. GENERATE MULTIPLE SAMPLES (OR SIMULATED SAMPLES) OF THE SAME SIZE TO GAUGE THE VARIATION IN ESTIMATES OR PREDICTIONS. (SP. 2)

Chapter 29

INFORMALLY ASSESS THE DEGREE OF VISUAL OVERLAP OF TWO NUMERICAL DATA DISTRIBUTIONS WITH SIMILAR VARIABILITIES, MEASURING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CENTERS BY EXPRESSING IT AS A MULTIPLE OF A MEASURE OF VARIABILITY. (SP. 3)

Chapter 30

USE MEASURES OF CENTER AND MEASURES OF VARIABILITY FOR NUMERICAL DATA FROM RANDOM SAMPLES TO DRAW INFORMAL COMPARATIVE INFERENCES ABOUT TWO POPULATIONS. (SP. 4)

Chapter 31

UNDERSTAND THAT THE PROBABILITY OF A CHANCE EVENT IS A NUMBER BETWEEN 0 AND 1 THAT EXPRESSES THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE EVENT OCCURRING. LARGER NUMBERS INDICATE GREATER LIKELIHOOD. A PROBABILITY NEAR 0 INDICATES AN UNLIKELY EVENT, A PROBABILITY AROUND 1/2 INDICATES AN EVENT THAT IS NEITHER UNLIKELY NOR LIKELY, AND A PROBABILITY NEAR 1 INDICATES A LIKELY EVENT. (SP. 5)

Chapter 32

APPROXIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF A CHANCE EVENT BY COLLECTING DATA ON THE CHANCE PROCESS THAT PRODUCES IT AND OBSERVING ITS LONG-RUN RELATIVE FREQUENCY, AND PREDICT THE APPROXIMATE RELATIVE FREQUENCY GIVEN THE PROBABILITY. (SP. 6)

Chapter 33

DEVELOP A PROBABILITY MODEL AND USE IT TO FIND PROBABILITIES OF EVENTS. COMPARE PROBABILITIES FROM A MODEL TO OBSERVED FREQUENCIES; IF THE AGREEMENT IS NOT GOOD, EXPLAIN POSSIBLE SOURCES OF THE DISCREPANCY. DEVELOP A UNIFORM PROBABILITY MODEL BY ASSIGNING EQUAL PROBABILITY TO ALL OUTCOMES, AND USE THE MODEL TO DETERMINE PROBABILITIES OF EVENTS. (SP. 7A)

Chapter 34

DEVELOP A PROBABILITY MODEL AND USE IT TO FIND PROBABILITIES OF EVENTS. COMPARE PROBABILITIES FROM A MODEL TO OBSERVED FREQUENCIES; IF THE AGREEMENT IS NOT GOOD, EXPLAIN POSSIBLE SOURCES OF THE DISCREPANCY. DEVELOP A PROBABILITY MODEL (WHICH MAY NOT BE UNIFORM) BY OBSERVING FREQUENCIES IN DATA GENERATED FROM A CHANCE PROCESS. (SP. 7B)

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