计算机考研专业课——计算机组成原理一本通(考点详解+习题全解)

目 录
第 1 章 计算机系统概述 ···················· 1.
1.1 本章导学 ································· 1
1.1.1 考研解读 ························ 1.
1.1.2 知识结构 ························ 1.
1.2 计算机的发展历程与分类 ······ 2.
1.3 计算机系统 ····························· 3.
1.3.1 计算机系统的组成 ········· 3.
1.3.2 计算机系统的层次
结构 ································ 4.
1.3.3 计算机的软件 ················· 4.
1.3.4 存储程序思想与
冯·诺依曼计算机 ········· 5.
1.3.5 计算机的硬件组成 ········· 6.
1.3.6 计算机的指令执行
过程 ································ 7.
1.4 计算机的性能指标 ·················· 8.
1.5 本章习题 ······························· 10.
1.6 习题参考答案 ······················· 12.
第 2 章 运算器 ································ 14
2.1 本章导学 ······························· 14.
2.1.1 考研解读 ······················ 14.
2.1.2 知识结构 ······················ 14.
2.2 知识讲解 ······························· 15.
2.2.1 基本概念 ······················ 15.
2.2.2 进制系统 ······················ 15.
2.2.3 定点数表示和运算 ······· 16.
2.2.4 浮点数表示和运算 ······· 24.
2.2.5 IEEE 754 标准 ·············· 27.
2.2.6 运算器 ·························· 29.
2.2.7 校验码 ·························· 31.
2.3 本章习题 ······························· 35.
2.4 习题参考答案 ························ 40.
第 3 章 主存储器····························· 47
3.1 本章导学 ······························· 47.
3.1.1 考研解读 ······················ 47.
3.1.2 知识结构 ······················ 48.
3.2 知识讲解 ······························· 49.
3.2.1 基本概念 ······················ 49.
3.2.2 存储器的分类 ·············· 49.
3.2.3 存储器的系统结构 ······ 51.
3.2.4 半导体随机存储器和
只读存储器 ·················· 52.
3.2.5 主存储器与 CPU 的
连接与控制 ·················· 55.
3.2.6 双端口 RAM 和多体
模块存储器 ·················· 58.
3.2.7 主存—Cache 系统 ······· 60.
3.2.8 虚拟存储系统 ·············· 70.
3.3 本章习题 ······························· 75.
3.4 习题参考答案 ························ 88
第 4 章 指令系统··························· 107
4.1 本章导学 ····························· 107.
4.1.1 考研解读 ···················· 107.
4.1.2 知识结构 ···················· 107.
4.2 机器指令 ····························· 108.
4.3 定长指令格式和变长指令
格式 ····································· 109.
4.4 寻址方式 ····························· 112.
4.4.1 寻址方式概述 ············ 112.
4.4.2 指令寻址 ···················· 112.
计算机考研专业课——计算机组成原理一本通（考点详解＋习题全解）
IV
4.4.3 数据寻址 ···················· 113.
4.5 复杂指令系统计算机和
精简指令系统计算机 ·········· 118.
4.6 本章习题 ····························· 119.
4.7 习题参考答案 ····················· 124.
第 5 章 中央处理器（CPU） ········ 129
5.1 本章导学 ····························· 129.
5.1.1 考纲解读 ···················· 129.
5.1.2 知识结构 ···················· 129.
5.2 CPU 的功能和组成 ············· 130.
5.2.1 CPU 的组成和结构 ···· 130.
5.2.2 CPU 中的寄存器 ········ 131.
5.2.3 CPU 的功能和数据
通路 ···························· 132.
5.3 控制的设计原理 ················· 135.
5.3.1 CPU 的控制方式 ········ 135.
5.3.2 微程序控制器的原理
和设计 ························ 136.
5.3.3 组合逻辑控制器的
原理和设计 ················· 140.
5.4 指令流水线 ························· 140.
5.4.1 指令执行方案 ············· 140.
5.4.2 指令流水线 ················· 141.
5.4.3 流水线的性能指标 ····· 142.
5.4.4 影响流水线性能的
因素 ···························· 143.
5.4.5 超流水线技术 ············· 144.
5.5 本章习题 ····························· 146.
5.6 习题参考答案 ····················· 154.
第 6 章 总线 ·································· 162
6.1 本章导学 ····························· 162.
6.1.1 考研解读 ···················· 162.
6.1.2 知识结构 ···················· 162.
6.2 总线概述 ····························· 163.
6.2.1 基本概念 ···················· 163.
6.2.2 总线的分类 ················ 163.
6.2.3 总线的组成 ················ 164.
6.2.4 总线的性能指标 ········ 164.
6.2.5 总线的连接结构 ········ 165.
6.2.6 总线的特性 ················ 167.
6.3 总线仲裁 ····························· 167.
6.3.1 集中仲裁 ···················· 167.
6.3.2 分布仲裁 ···················· 169.
6.4 总线通信控制 ······················ 170.
6.4.1 总线信息传送过程 ···· 170.
6.4.2 总线的定时方式 ········ 170.
6.5 总线标准 ····························· 172.
6.5.1 系统总线标准 ············ 172.
6.5.2 设备总线标准
（外部总线标准） ···· 173.
6.6 本章习题 ····························· 173.
6.7 习题参考答案 ······················ 178.
第 7 章 输入/输出系统 ·················· 183
7.1 本章导学 ····························· 183.
7.1.1 考研解读 ···················· 183.
7.1.2 知识结构 ···················· 184.
7.2 基本概念 ····························· 184.
7.3 外部设备 ····························· 185.
7.4 I/O 接口 ······························· 188.
7.5 I/O 控制方式 ······················· 190.
7.5.1 程序查询方式 ············ 190.
7.5.2 程序中断方式 ············ 191.
7.5.3 直接存储器存取
方式 ···························· 198.
7.5.4 I/O 通道控制方式 ······ 201.
7.5.5 I/O 处理机 ·················· 203.
7.6 本章习题 ····························· 203.
7.7 习题参考答案 ······················ 211