包邮Rhino 6.0完全实战技术手册

目 录 第 1 章 Rhino 6.0 软件应用概述3.2.3设定工作平面至物件 ································ 413.2.4设定工作平面与曲线垂直 ························ 421.1 Rhino的应用领域············································· 13.2.5旋转工作平面 ············································ 43 1.1.1 工业产品设计领域 ······································ 1 1.1.2 CG 领域························································ 2 1.1.3 建筑设计领域 ·············································· 3 1.1.4 珠宝设计领域 ·············································· 3 1.2 Rhino软件特色················································· 4 1.3 Rhino建模的相关术语····································· 7 1.4 Rhino 6.0软件下载与安装······························· 9 1.5 Rhino 6.0工作界面········································· 10 第 2 章 学习 Rhino 6.0 的关键**步 2.1 Rhino模型与数据管理··································· 12 2.1.1 Rhino 模型的输入与输出 ························· 12 2.1.2 Rhino 与其他软件的数据交换 ················· 13 2.2 Rhino 6.0环境设置·········································· 15 2.2.1 设置文件属性 ············································ 16 2.2.2 设置 Rhino 选项 ········································ 17 2.3 图层的建立与操作········································· 20 2.4 对象捕捉设置················································· 22 2.5 实战案例——制作iPod模型 ························· 23 2.5.1 制作主体部分 ············································ 24 2.5.2 创建按钮部分 ············································ 26 2.5.3 添加屏幕曲面 ············································ 29 2.5.4 制作耳机部件 ············································ 30 第 3 章 学习 Rhino 6.0 的关键第二步 3.1 Rhino坐标系统··············································· 35 3.1.1 坐标系 ························································ 35 3.1.2 坐标输入方式 ············································ 36 3.2 工作平面························································· 39 3.2.1 设置工作平面原点 ···································· 39 3.2.2 设置工作平面高度 ···································· 39 _x00E_3.2.6 其他方式设定工作平面 ···························· 43 3.3 工作视窗配置················································· 46 3.3.1 预设工作视窗 ············································ 47 3.3.2 导入背景图片辅助建模 ···························· 49 3.3.3 导入平面图参考 ········································ 54 3.4 视图操作························································· 54 3.4.1 视图操控 ···················································· 54 3.4.2 设置视图 ···················································· 55 3.5 物件的选取····················································· 56 3.5.1 用选择工具选择 ········································ 56 3.5.2 用图层选择 ················································ 59 3.5.3 用颜色选择 ················································ 59 3.6 可见性····························································· 60 3.7 实战案例——制作儿童玩具车模型·············· 60 3.7.1 导入背景图片 ············································ 61 3.7.2 制作玩具车壳体 ········································ 62 3.7.3 制作车轮 ···················································· 71 3.7.4 制作其他器件 ············································ 71 第 4 章 学习 Rhino 6.0 的关键第三步 4.1 复制类工具····················································· 75 4.1.1 移动 ···························································· 75 4.1.2 复制 ···························································· 76 4.1.3 旋转 ···························································· 77 4.1.4 缩放 ···························································· 80 4.1.5 倾斜 ···························································· 81 4.1.6 镜像 ···························································· 82 4.1.7 阵列 ···························································· 82 4.2 对齐和扭曲工具············································· 87 4.2.1 对齐 ···························································· 87 4.2.2 扭转 ···························································· 90 _x00C_ 4.2.3 弯曲 ···························································· 906.4.4抽离曲线 ·················································· 1394.3 合并和打散工具············································· 916.4.5相交曲线 ·················································· 1444.3.1 组合 ···························································· 916.4.6断面线 ······················································ 1464.3.2 群组 ···························································· 91 4.3.3 合并边缘 ···················································· 93 4.3.4 合并曲面 ···················································· 94 4.3.5 打散 ···························································· 95 4.4 实战案例——制作计算器造型····················· 95 4.5 课后练习························································· 97 第 5 章 基本曲线绘制 5.1 基本曲线简介················································· 99 5.2 绘制点····························································· 99 5.3 绘制直线······················································· 101 5.4 绘制自由造型曲线······································· 109 5.5 绘制圆··························································· 113 5.6 绘制椭圆······················································· 115 5.7 绘制多边形··················································· 116 Rhino 6.0 5.8 绘制文字······················································· 117 5.9 实战案例——绘制零件图··························· 118 完全实战 技术手册 5.10 课后练习····················································· 121 第 6 章 高级曲线绘制 6.1 曲线延伸······················································· 122 6.1.1 延伸曲线 ·················································· 122 6.1.2 连接曲线 ·················································· 124 6.1.3 延伸曲线（平滑） ·································· 124 6.1.4 以直线延伸 ············································· 125 6.1.5 以圆弧延伸至指定点 ····························· 125 6.1.6 以圆弧延伸（保留半径） ······················ 126 6.1.7 以圆弧延伸（指定中心点） ·················· 126 6.1.8 延伸曲面上的曲线 ·································· 127 6.2 曲线偏移······················································· 127 6.2.1 偏移曲线 ·················································· 127 6.2.2 往曲面法线方向偏移曲线 ······················ 130 6.2.3 偏移曲面上的曲线 ·································· 132 6.3 曲线混接······················································· 132 6.3.1 简易混接曲线 ·········································· 132 6.3.2 可调式混接曲线 ······································ 133 6.3.3 弧形混接曲线 ·········································· 135 6.4 从物件建立曲线··········································· 137 6.4.1 投影曲线 ·················································· 137 6.4.2 拉回曲线 ·················································· 137 6.4.3 复制边框与边缘 ······································ 138 _x00E_6.5 课后练习······················································· 147 第 7 章 曲线编辑与优化 7.1 曲线修剪······················································· 149 7.1.1 修剪曲线 ·················································· 149 7.1.2 切割曲线 ·················································· 149 7.1.3 曲线布尔运算 ·········································· 149 7.2 曲线倒角······················································· 150 7.2.1 曲线圆角 ·················································· 150 7.2.2 曲线斜角 ·················································· 151 7.2.3 全部圆角 ·················································· 152 7.3 曲线对称······················································· 154 7.4 曲线匹配······················································· 155 7.5 曲线点的编辑··············································· 157 7.5.1 开启控制点和编辑点 ································· 157 7.5.2 在曲线上添加点 ······································ 157 7.6 曲线优化工具··············································· 159 7.6.1 调整封闭曲线的接缝 ······························ 159 7.6.2 从两个视图的曲线 ·································· 161 7.6.3 从断面轮廓线建立曲线 ·························· 162 7.6.4 重建曲线 ·················································· 163 7.7 其他曲线编辑工具······································· 164 7.7.1 将曲线转换为多重直线或圆弧 ·············· 164 7.7.2 周期化 ······················································ 165 7.7.3 封闭开放的曲线 ······································ 167 7.7.4 续画控制点曲线 ······································ 167 7.7.5 截断曲线 ·················································· 167 7.7.6 截短曲线 ·················································· 168 7.7.7 抽离子线段 ·············································· 169 7.7.8 在曲线上插入直线 ·································· 169 7.7.9 在两条曲线之间建立均分曲线 ·············· 170 7.8 课后练习······················································· 170 第 8 章 基本曲面绘制 8.1 平面曲面······················································· 172 8.1.1 指定三或四个角建立曲面 ······················ 172 8.1.2 矩形平面 ·················································· 173 8.2 挤出曲面······················································· 177 8.2.1 直线挤出 ·················································· 177 8.2.2 沿着曲线挤出 ·········································· 185 8.2.3 挤出至点 ·················································· 186 _x00C_ IV Rhino60完全实战技术手册 六校 文前.indd 4 2020/10/28 16:46:34 _x00C_ Rhino60完全实战技术手册 六校 文前.indd 5 2020/10/28 16:46:34 Rhino60完全实战技术手册 六校 文前.indd 5 2020/10/28 16:46:34 _x00C_8.2.4 挤出成锥状 ·············································· 187 8.2.5 彩带 ·························································· 187 8.2.6 往曲面法线方向挤出曲面 ······················ 188 8.3 旋转曲面······················································· 189 8.3.1 旋转成形 ·················································· 189 8.3.2 沿着路径旋转 ·········································· 190 8.4 实战案例——制作无线电话模型··············· 191 8.5 课后练习······················································· 196 第 9 章 高级曲面绘制 9.1 放样曲面······················································· 199 9.2 边界曲面······················································· 202 9.2.1 以平面曲线建立曲面 ······························ 202 9.2.2 以二、三或四条边缘建立曲面 ·············· 203 9.2.3 嵌面 ·························································· 204 9.2.4 从网线建立曲面 ······································ 206 9.3 扫掠曲面······················································· 207 9.3.1 单轨扫掠 ·················································· 207 9.3.2 双轨扫掠 ·················································· 211 9.4 以图片灰阶高度··········································· 214 9.5 在物件表面产生布帘曲面··························· 214 9.6 实战案例——制作兔兔儿童早教机模型··· 215 9.6.1 添加背景图片 ·········································· 215 9.6.2 建立兔头模型 ·········································· 216 9.6.3 建立身体模型 ·········································· 222 9.6.4 建立兔脚模型 ·········································· 224 9.7 课后练习······················································· 228 第 10 章 曲面编辑 10.1 曲面延伸····················································· 230 10.2 曲面倒角····················································· 231 10.2.1 曲面圆角 ················································ 231 10.2.2 不等距曲面圆角 ···································· 232 10.2.3 曲面斜角 ················································ 234 10.2.4 不等距曲面斜角 ···································· 235 10.3 曲面连接····················································· 235 10.3.1 连接曲面 ················································ 235 10.3.2 混接曲面 ················································ 236 10.3.3 不等距曲面混接 ···································· 239 10.3.4 衔接曲面 ················································ 239 10.3.5 合并曲面 ················································ 241 10.4 曲面偏移····················································· 242 10.4.1 偏移曲面 ················································ 242 10.4.2 不等距偏移曲面 ···································· 244 10.5 其他曲面编辑工具····································· 246 _x00E_10.5.1 设置曲面的正切方向 ···························· 246 目 录 10.5.2 对称 ························································ 246 10.5.3 在两个曲面之间建立均分曲面 ············ 246 10.6 实战案例——制作苹果电脑机箱模型····· 247 10.7 课后练习····················································· 256 第 11 章 曲面连续性研究与分析 11.1 曲面品质判定方法····································· 257 11.2 曲面的组成形式········································· 257 11.3 曲面连续性················································· 259 11.3.1 曲面连续性的概念 ································ 259 11.3.2 生成具有连续性的 NURBS 曲面 ········· 260 11.3.3 与连续性有关的工具 ···························· 261 11.4 曲面优化工具············································· 265 11.5 测量工具····················································· 265 11.5.1 测量点 ···················································· 265 11.5.2 测量长度 ················································ 266 11.5.3 测量距离 ················································ 267 11.5.4 测量角度 ················································ 267 11.5.5 测量半径、直径 ···································· 267 11.6 曲线分析····················································· 267 11.6.1 打开或关闭曲率图形 ···························· 267 11.6.2 几何连续性分析 ···································· 270 11.6.3 曲线偏差分析 ········································ 270 11.7 曲面分析····················································· 271 11.7.1 曲率分析 ················································ 271 11.7.2 拔模角度分析 ········································ 274 11.7.3 斑马纹分析 ············································ 275 11.7.4 环境贴图 ················································ 280 11.7.5 厚度分析 ················································ 281 11.8 课后练习····················································· 282 第 12 章 实体建模 12.1 认识实体····················································· 283 12.2 立方体························································· 284 12.2.1 立方体：角对角、高度 ························ 284 12.2.2 立方体：对角线 ···································· 285 12.2.3 立方体：三点、高度 ···························· 285 12.2.4 立方体：底面中心点、角、高度············ 286 12.2.5 边框方块 ················································ 286 12.3 球体····························································· 287 12.3.1 球体：中心点、半径 ···························· 287 12.3.2 球体：直径 ············································ 288 12.3.3 球体：三点 ············································ 288 12.3.4 球体：四点 ············································ 288 _x00C_ V _x00C_ 12.3.5 球体：环绕曲线 ···································· 28913.4.2将平面洞加盖 ········································ 33112.3.6 球体：从与曲线正切的圆 ···················· 29013.4.3抽离曲面 ················································ 33112.3.7 球体：逼近数个点 ································ 29113.4.4合并两个共曲面的面 ···························· 33112.4 椭圆体························································· 29113.4.5取消边缘的组合状态 ···························· 33212.4.1 椭圆体：从中心点 ································ 291 12.4.2 椭圆体：直径 ········································ 292 12.4.3 椭圆体：从焦点 ···································· 292 12.4.4 椭圆体：角 ············································ 293 12.4.5 椭圆体：环绕曲线 ································ 293 12.5 锥形体························································· 294 12.5.1 抛物面锥体 ············································ 294 12.5.2 圆锥体 ···················································· 295 12.5.3 平顶锥体（圆台） ································ 296 12.5.4 金字塔（棱锥） ···································· 296 12.5.5 平顶金字塔（棱台） ···························· 297 12.6 柱形体························································· 298 12.6.1 圆柱体 ···················································· 298 12.6.2 圆柱管 ···················································· 298 12.7 环形体························································· 299 Rhino 6.0 12.7.1 环状体 ···················································· 299 12.7.2 环状圆管（平头盖） ···························· 300 完全实战 技术手册 12.7.3 环状圆管（圆头盖） ···························· 302 12.8 挤出实体····················································· 302 12.8.1 挤出封闭的平面曲线 ···························· 302 12.8.2 挤出建立实体 ········································ 304 12.9 课后练习····················································· 309 第 13 章 实体编辑 13.1 布尔运算····················································· 310 13.1.1 布尔运算联集 ········································ 310 13.1.2 布尔运算差集 ········································ 311 13.1.3 布尔运算交集 ········································ 311 13.1.4 布尔运算分割 ········································ 314 13.1.5 布尔运算两个物件 ································ 315 13.2 创建工程实体············································· 315 13.2.1 不等距边缘圆角 ···································· 315 13.2.2 不等距边缘斜角 ···································· 318 13.2.3 封闭的多重曲面薄壳 ···························· 319 13.2.4 洞 ···························································· 321 13.2.5 文字 ························································ 327 _x00E_13.5 操作与编辑实体········································· 332 13.5.1 打开实体物件的控制点 ························ 332 13.5.2 移动边缘 ················································ 337 13.5.3 将面分割 ················································ 338 13.5.4 将面折叠 ················································ 338 13.6 课后练习····················································· 339 第 14 章 网格细分建模 14.1 建立网格····················································· 340 14.1.1 转换曲面∕多重曲面为网格 ················ 340 14.1.2 单一网格面 ············································ 341 14.1.3 网格平面 ················································ 341 14.1.4 网格立方体 ············································ 341 14.1.5 网格圆柱体 ············································ 342 14.1.6 网格圆锥体 ············································ 342 14.1.7 网格平顶锥体 ········································ 342 14.1.8 网格球体 ················································ 342 14.1.9 网格椭圆体 ············································ 342 14.1.10 网格环状体 ·········································· 343 14.1.11 网格嵌面 ·············································· 343 14.1.12 以图片灰阶高度 ·································· 345 14.1.13 以封闭的多重直线建立网格 ·············· 345 14.1.14 以 NBUSS 控制点连线建立网格 ······· 346 14.2 网格操作工具············································· 346 14.2.1 统一网格法线 ········································ 346 14.2.2 对应网格至 NURBS 曲面 ····················· 347 14.2.3 网格布尔运算 ········································ 347 14.2.4 网格交集 ················································ 349 14.2.5 分割网格 ················································ 349 14.2.6 修剪网格 ················································ 350 14.2.7 衔接网格边缘 ········································ 350 14.2.8 以公差对齐网格顶点 ···························· 351 14.2.9 偏移网格 ················································ 351 14.2.10 填补网格洞 ·········································· 352 14.2.11 重建网格 ·············································· 352 14.2.12 重建网格法线 ······································ 352 _x00C_13.3 创建成形实体············································· 32814.2.13删除网格面 ·········································· 35213.3.1 线切割 ···················································· 32814.2.14嵌入单一网格面 ·································· 35213.3.2 将面移动 ················································ 32914.2.15熔接网格 ·············································· 35213.4 曲面与实体转换········································· 33014.2.16复制网格洞的边界 ······························ 35313.4.1 自动建立实体 ········································ 33014.2.17剔除退化的网格面 ······························ 354 VI Rhino60完全实战技术手册 六校 文前.indd 6 2020/10/28 16:46:34 _x00C_ Rhino60完全实战技术手册 六校 文前.indd 7 2020/10/28 16:46:34 Rhino60完全实战技术手册 六校 文前.indd 7 2020/10/28 16:46:34 _x00C_14.3 网格编辑工具············································· 354 14.3.1 三角化网格 ············································ 354 14.3.2 四角化网格 ············································ 354 14.3.3 缩减网格面数 ········································ 355 14.3.4 对应网格 UVN······································· 355 14.3.5 对调网格边缘 ········································ 355 14.3.6 分割网格边缘 ········································ 355 14.3.7 分割未相接的网格 ································ 356 14.3.8 从点建立网格 ········································ 356 14.4 实战案例——制作牙刷架模型················· 357 14.5 课后练习····················································· 365 第 15 章 RhinoGold 珠宝设计 15.1 RhinoGold概述··········································· 366 15.1.1 RhinoGold 6.6 的下载与安装 ··············· 366 15.1.2 RhinoGold 6.6 设计工具 ······················· 368 15.2 利用变动工具设计首饰····························· 368 15.3 宝石工具····················································· 375 15.3.1 创建宝石 ················································ 375 15.3.2 排石 ························································ 377 15.3.3 珍珠与蛋面宝石 ···································· 380 15.4 珠宝工具····················································· 381 15.4.1 戒指设计 ················································ 382 15.4.2 宝石镶脚设置 ········································ 386 15.4.3 链、挂钩和吊坠 ···································· 394 15.5 珠宝设计实战案例····································· 399 15.5.1 绿宝石群镶钻戒设计 ···························· 399 15.5.2 三叶草坠饰设计 ···································· 403 第 16 章 Rhino 初级渲染 16.1 Rhino渲染概述··········································· 406 16.1.1 渲染类型 ················································ 406 16.1.2 渲染前的准备 ········································ 406 16.1.3 Rhino 渲染工具 ····································· 407 16.1.4 渲染设置 ················································ 407 16.2 显示模式····················································· 408 16.3 材质与颜色················································· 409 16.3.1 赋予材质的方式 ···································· 410 16.3.2 赋予物件材质 ········································ 413 16.3.3 编辑材质 ················································ 415 16.3.4 匹配材质属性 ········································ 417 16.3.5 设定渲染颜色 ········································ 417 16.4 赋予渲染物件············································· 418 16.4.1 赋予渲染圆角 ········································ 418 16.4.2 赋予渲染圆管 ········································ 419 _x00E_16.4.3 赋予装饰线 ············································ 420 目 录 16.4.4 赋予置换贴图 ········································ 421 16.5 贴图与印花················································· 422 16.5.1 通过【切换贴图面板】贴图 ················ 422 16.5.2 贴图轴 ···················································· 423 16.5.3 程序贴图（印花） ································ 428 16.6 环境与地板················································· 430 16.6.1 环境 ························································ 430 16.6.2 地板 ························································ 431 16.7 光源····························································· 431 16.7.1 灯光类型 ················································ 431 16.7.2 编辑灯光 ················································ 434 16.7.3 天光和太阳光 ········································ 436 16.8 实战案例——可口可乐瓶模型渲染········· 437 16.9 课后练习····················································· 441 第 17 章 KeyShot 高级渲染 17.1 KeyShot渲染器简介··································· 442 17.2 KeyShot 7软件安装···································· 443 17.3 KeyShot 7工作界面···································· 445 17.3.1 窗口管理 ················································ 445 17.3.2 视图控制 ················································ 447 17.4 材质库························································· 448 17.4.1 赋予材质 ················································ 448 17.4.2 编辑材质 ················································ 449 17.4.3 自定义材质库········································· 450 17.5 颜色库························································· 452 17.6 灯光····························································· 452 17.6.1 利用光材质作为光源 ···························· 452 17.6.2 编辑光源材质 ········································ 454 17.7 环境库························································· 454 17.8 背景库和纹理库········································· 455 17.9 渲染····························································· 455 17.9.1 【输出】类别 ········································ 456 17.9.2 【选项】类别 ········································ 457 17.10 产品模型渲染实战案例··························· 458 17.10.1 耳机模型渲染 ······································ 458 17.10.2 腕表模型渲染 ······································ 463 第 18 章 渲染巨匠 V-Ray for Rhino 18.1 V-Ray for Rhino 6.0渲染器简介 ················ 471 18.1.1 V-Ray for Rhino 6.0 顶渲中文版安装 ······ 471 18.1.2 调出【V-Ray 大工具栏】标签 ············· 472 18.1.3 V-Ray 资源编辑器 ································· 473 _x00C_ VII _x00C_ _x00C_18.2 布置渲染场景············································· 474 18.3 光源、反光板与摄像机····························· 474 18.3.1 光源的布置要求 ···································· 475 18.3.2 设置 V-Ray 环境光 ································ 475 18.3.3 布置 V-Ray 主要光源 ···························· 476 18.3.4 设置摄像机 ············································ 480 18.4 V-Ray材质与贴图 ······································ 481 18.4.1 材质的应用 ············································ 481 18.4.2 V-Ray 材质的赋予 ································· 483 18.4.3 材质编辑器 ············································ 485 18.4.4 【V-Ray 双向反射分布 BRDF】设置···· 485 18.4.5 【材质选项】设置 ································ 490 18.4.6 【纹理贴图】设置 ································ 490 18.5 V-Ray渲染器设置 ······································ 491 18.5.1 【渲染器】卷展栏 ································ 492 18.5.2 【相机】卷展栏 ···································· 492 18.5.3 【光线追踪】卷展栏 ···························· 495 18.5.4 【全局照明】卷展栏 ···························· 496 18.5.5 【焦散】卷展栏 ···································· 498 Rhino 6.0 18.5.6 【渲染元素（通道图）】卷展栏 ········ 499 18.6 实战案例——学习用品模型渲染············· 499 完全实战 技术手册 18.6.1 布置光源 ················································ 500 18.6.2 赋予材质 ················································ 501 第 19 章 用 Rhino 制作电子产品模型 19.1 制作电吉他模型········································· 507 19.1.1 创建主体曲面 ········································ 507 19.1.2 添加琴身细节 ········································ 513 19.1.3 添加琴弦细节 ········································ 521 19.1.4 添加琴头细节 ········································ 523 19.2 制作电动剃须刀模型································· 525 19.2.1 导入背景图片 ········································ 526 19.2.2 创建剃须刀手柄曲面 ···························· 527 19.2.3 创建剃须刀头部曲面 ···························· 533 19.2.4 添加刀头细节 ········································ 538 19.3 制作机器猫模型········································· 541 19.3.1 创建主体曲面 ········································ 541 _x00E_19.3.2 添加上部分细节 ···································· 548 19.3.3 添加下部分细节 ···································· 551 第 20 章 用 Rhino 制作交通工具模型 20.1 制作甲壳虫汽车外壳模型························· 553 20.1.1 放置背景图片 ········································ 553 20.1.2 创建车身前后曲面 ································ 555 20.1.3 创建左右侧车身曲面 ···························· 558 20.1.4 创建汽车顶面 ········································ 559 20.1.5 创建前后挡风玻璃 ································ 562 20.1.6 创建汽车车窗、车门 ···························· 565 20.1.7 添加汽车前、后部细节 ························ 570 20.2 制作房车模型············································· 579 20.2.1 创建车身部分 ········································ 579 20.2.2 添加汽车正面细节 ································ 587 20.2.3 添加车身细节 ········································ 594 20.2.4 添加汽车背面细节 ································ 596 20.2.5 创建车灯 ················································ 599 20.2.6 创建车轮部分 ········································ 601 20.2.7 用 KeyShot 渲染房车模型 ···················· 605 第 21 章 用 Rhino 制作其他产品模型 21.1 制作iPhone手机模型 ································· 606 21.1.1 导入背景图片 ········································ 606 21.1.2 创建机身部分 ········································ 607 21.1.3 添加手机正面细节 ································ 613 21.1.4 创建手机耳机插孔、开关 ···················· 617 21.1.5 创建手机底部扬声器、插孔 ················ 621 21.1.6 添加手机侧面细节 ································ 624 21.1.7 创建手机背部 Logo 及其他·················· 626 21.2 制作无人机模型········································· 628 21.2.1 创建无人机主体曲面 ···························· 628 21.2.2 对主体曲面进行分割 ···························· 632 21.2.3 添加尾部细节 ······································· 633 21.2.4 创建无人机机翼 ···································· 637 21.2.5 添加尾部机翼曲面 ································ 639