水文学

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Importance of Water 1.2 Properties of Water 1.3 Water Resources 1.3.1 Definition 1.3.2 World's Water Storage 1.3.3 World's Water Distribution 1.3.4 Water Resources in China 1.4 Hydrology and Its Branches Summary Questions Chapter 2 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE AND HYDROLOGICAL BALANCE 2.1 Hydrological Cycle 2.1.1 The Global Hydrological Cycle 2.1.2 The Watershed Hydrological Cycle 2.2 Hydrological Budget Summary Questions Chapter 3 PRECIPITATION 3.1 Formation of Precipitation 3.1.1 Atmospheric Cooling 3.1.2 Condensation Nuclei 3.1.3 Water or Ice Droplet Growth 3.1.4 Types of Precipitation 3.2 Distribution of Precipitation 3.2.1 Static Influences on Precipitation Distribution 3.2.2 Forest Rainfall Partitioning 3.3 Measurement of Precipitation 3.3.1 Direct Precipitation Measurement 3.3.2 Surrogate Precipitation Measurements 3.4 Estimation of Spatially Distributed Precipitation 3.4.1 Thiessen's Polygons 3.4.2 Hypsometric Method 3.4.3 Isohyetal and Other Smoothed Surface Techniques 3.5 Temporal Characteristics of Precipitation Summary Translation of Some Sections Questions Chapter 4 EVAPORATION 4.1 Evaporation Mechanisms 4.2 Evaporation from Water Surface 4.3 Evaporation from Soil Surface 4.4 Transpiration 4.5 Evapotranspiration Summary Translation of Some Sections Questions Chapter 5 RUNOFF 5.1 Runoff Mechanism 5.1.1 Overland Flow 5.1.2 Subsurface Flow 5.1.3 Baseflow 5.1.4 Channel Flow 5.2 Velocity Distribution in a Stream Section 5.3 Measuring Streamflow 5.3.1 Instantaneous Streamflow Measurement 5.3.2 Continuous Streamflow Measurement 5.4 Floods 5.4.1 Introduction 5.4.2 Influences on Flood Size 5.5 Watersheds 5.5.1 Watersheds and Types of Drainage Pattern 5.5.2 Watersheds and Stream Orders 5.5.3 A Geomorphologic Perspective 5.5.4 A Topographic Perspective Summary Translation of Some Sections Questions Chapter 6 STREAMFLOW ANALYSIS 6.1 Hydrograph Analysis 6.1.1 The Hydrograph 6.1.2 Hydrograph Separation 6.1.3 The Unit Hydrograph (UHG) 6.2 Flow Duration Curves 6.3 Frequency Analysis 6.3.1 Frequency Distribution 6.3.2 Flood Frequency Analysis Summary Translation of Some Sections Questions Chapter 7 GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY 7.1 Porous Materials 7.2 Aquifer Classification 7.2.1 Aquifers and Aquitards 7.2.2 Aquifer Characteristics 7.2.3 Unconfined or Confined Aquifer 7.3 Storage of Groundwater 7.3.1 Water in the Unsaturated Zone 7.3.2 Water in the Saturated Zone 7.4 Surface Tension and Capillarity 7.5 Movement of Groundwater 7.5.1 Water Transmit in Pores 7.5.2 Principles of Groundwater Flow 7.5.3 Aquifer Recharge and Discharge Summary Translation of Some Sections Questions Chapter 8 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN A CHANGING WORLD 8.1 Hydrology and Change 8.1.1 Climate Change 8.1.2 Change in Land Use 8.1.3 Groundwater Depletion 8.1.4 Urbanization 8.2 Water Resource Management 8.2.1 Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) 8.2.2 Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) 8.2.3 Stormwater Management Summary Translation of Some Sections Questions APPENDIX A: UNITS AND CONVERSIONS APPENDIX B: SI UNIT PREFIXES APPENDIX C: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER (SI UNITS) APPENDIX D: GLOSSARY REFERENCES