小康中国(英文版)

2?1The economy has reached a new levelIn 2007, China?s GDP reached RMB 24?66 trillion with an increase of 65?5 percent over 2002 and an average annual growth rate of 10?6 %, rising from the sixth to the fourth place in the world. National revenue reached RMB 5?13 trillion, increasing of 1?71 times. Foreign exchange reserves exceeded USD 1?52 trillion. The country?s grain output increased for four consecutive years, reaching 501?5 million tons in 2007. As the agricultural tax was abolished, farmers no longer need pay taxes on their farmland. All agricultural taxes, livestock taxes, and taxes on special products were abolished, reducing the burden on farmers by RMB 133?5 billion each year. Agricultural subsidy system was established, providing farmers with direct subsidies for grain production, subsidies for superior seed varieties, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and general subsidies for agricultural means of production, and offering incentives and subsidies to major grain?producing counties and townships with financial difficulties. Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers totaled RMB 1?6 trillion over the past five years, of which nearly RMB 300 billion was spent on rural infrastructure. Major progress was made in reforming state?owned enterprises, the financial system, fiscal and taxation systems, the foreign trade and economic cooperation system, and the administrative system. The open economy entered a new stage. In 2007, China?s total import and export volume reached USD 2?17 trillion, rising from the sixth to the third place in the world. People?s living standards was improved markedly. Over the past five years, 51 million urban jobs were created nationwide. The per capita income of urban residents was increased from RMB 7,703 in 2002 to RMB 13,786 in 2007, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose from RMB 2,476 to RMB 4,140. The framework of a social security barrier system had taken shape, and the number of people living in poverty had been decreasing year by year.2?2Remarkable achievements were made in developing democracy and the legal systemIn the past five years, the State Council submitted 39 bills to the Standing Committee of the NPC, and formulated or revised 137 administrative regulations. Ways were explored to establish mechanisms and systems for orderly public participation in government legislation. 15 draft laws and administrative regulations were released to solicit public opinion and the existing administrative regulations and rules were comprehensively reviewed. Administrative work according to law had made solid progress. Within one year (2005) of the implementation of the Administrative Licensing Law of the People?s Republic of China, under the unified deployment of the State Council, departments and local governments at all levels carried out a comprehensive review of the projects and implementation subjects of administrative licensing. A total of 25,797 projects were cleared, among which 8,666 were canceled and 1,841 were adjusted. 25,554 administrative licenses were reviewed, among which 3,981 were abolished, and 2,493 were revised. A total of 2,389 admi?nistrative licensing entities were reviewed, among which 1,932 of them were retained, 302 were canceled, and 71 were adjusted. Achievements was made in building democracy at the community level. By 2007, 620,000 villagers? committees had been set up in rural China, and the average voter participation rate in village committee elections was over 90% nationwide. Since the Organic Law of the Villagers? Committees of the People?s Republic of China was formally promulgated and implemented on November 4, 1998, the implementation measures had been formulated in all 31 provinces of China to further clarify the election and operation procedures of the Villagers? Committees. In order to ensure that the election of villagers? committees was conducted strictly in accordance with law, 27 provincial?level governments formulated special methods for the election of villagers? committees. By the end of 2007, 96% of rural areas in China had established the system of villagers? meeting or villagers? representative meeting to implement democratic decision?making. More than 80% of the villages formulated rules and regulations for villagers? self?government or village regulations and treaties. 91% of rural areas established systems for democratic financial management, financial auditing, and village affairs management.2?3Further progress was made in cultural developmentNational government spending on culture and sports programs totaled RMB 310?4 billion over the five?year period, which was 1?3 times more than that of previous five years. A system of public cultural ser?vices at the county and township levels had taken shape in the early stages, with libraries and cultural centers basically now available in every county. Major progress was made in the reform of the cultural management system. The scale of the cultural industry was expanding. In 2006, the added value of China?s cultural industry reached RMB 512?3 billion, accounting for 2?45% of the country?s GDP. The influence of Chinese culture in the world had been further enhanced. By 2007, China had established 140 Confucius Institutes in 52 countries and regions. Construction of community?level cultural facilities, such as the national project to share cultural information and resources and the program for connecting radio and television stations to all villages, was strengthened. Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art flourished, and protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage were strengthened. The number of books published increased from 14,500 in 1978 to 233,900 in 2006. The number of newspapers increased from 186 in 1978 to 1,935 in 2006. By the end of December 2007, China Radio and Television would be the world?s largest electronic media with the largest population coverage. Internet would develop rapidly. Now, China has 210 million Internet users, ranking first in the world. The number of mobile phone users is 487 million, the largest in the world. At the beginning of the reform and opening?up, China was described by foreign friends as a quiet country with plain night life in both metropolis and villages, now it has become a vibrant and cultural country.2?4Continued progress was made in social developmentIn terms of education, National government spending on education totaled RMB 2?43 trillion over the past five years, an increase of 1?26 times over the previous five years. All rural students receiving compulsory education throughout the country were exempted from tuition and miscellaneous fees, all textbooks were provided free of charge, and living allowances were provided to boarders from poor families, benefiting 150 million students and 7?8 million boarders from poor families. In the western region, the plan to basically popularize nine?year compulsory education and basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle?aged people was completed as scheduled. The state allocated special funds to support the renovation of dilapidated buildings in more than 22,000 rural primary and secondary schools and the construction of more than 7,000 boarding schools. Distance education had covered 360,000 rural primary and secondary schools, and more rural students had enjoyed quality education resources. In the field of health care, the national government spent RMB 629?4 billion on medical and health care over the five?year period, a 127?fold increase over the previous five years. We focused on improving the public health, medical services and medical protection systems, and basically put in place a fully functional system for disease prevention and control and emergency medical treatment covering both urban and rural areas. The number of diseases targeted for immunization and prevention by the state had increased from 7 to 15, and free treatment had been provided to patients suffering from major infectious diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis. The state funds for safety and drainage had been used to renovate or build 18,800 township hospitals, 786 county hospitals, 285 county middle and secondary hospitals, and 534 county maternal and child health care centers, providing medical facilities for 11,700 township hospitals, and significantly improving the medical and health conditions in rural areas. In the area of social security, the total government expenditure for social security totaled RMB 1?95 trillion over the five?year period, an increase of a 1?4?fold increase over the previous period. The basic old?age insurance system for urban workers had been continuously improved. In 2007, more than 200 million people participated, an increase of 54 million over the year 2002. Trials to fully fund individual accounts for basic old?age insurance were extended to 11 provincial?level governments. Basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees were raised for three consecutive years starting from 2005. A total of RMB 329?5 billion was used to subsidize old?age insu?rance from the central government budget over the five?year period. In 2007, the number of urban workers covered by basic medical insurance reached 180 million, which nearly doubled that of 2002. Trials of basic medical insurance for non?working urban residents were launched in 88 cities. The new rural cooperative medical care system had been continuously improved and extended to 86% of China?s counties, covering 730 million rural residents. Social security funds nationwide totaled RMB 414 billion, an increase of RMB 289?8 billion over 2002. A system of social assistance in urban and rural areas had been basically established. The system of subsistence allowances for urban residents had been continuously improved, and the standards of allowances and subsidies had been gradually raised. A subsistence allowance system was established in all rural areas nationwide in 2007, covering 34?519 million rural residents. In the five years, an additional 6?667 million hectares of water?saving irrigated land was added, 16?5 million households were access to methane gas, 1?3 million kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded, and solved problems on drinking water safety for 97?48 million rural people.Ⅳ.Hu Jintao Sounded the Clarion Call to Complete the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects1.The report of the 17th National Congress of the CPC has put forward new requirements for realizing the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respectsTo be specific, we would enhance the coordination of development and strive to achieve sound and rapid economic development. We would quadruple the per capita GDP of 2000 by 2020 on the basis of optimizing the economic structure, improving economic returns, reducing consumption and protecting the environmental protection environment. We would expand socialist democracy, citizens? participation in politics in an orderly manner, fully implement the law?based governance of the country as a basic strategy, strengthen the sense of the rule of law throughout society, make further progress in building a law?based government, and better protect people?s rights and interests as well as social fairness and justice. The system of core socialist values would be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and a system of public cultural services covering the whole society should be basically in place. The cultural industry would account for a much larger share of the national economy and become more competitive internationally. A greater variety of cultural products would be available to meet the needs of the people. A social security system covering both urban and rural residents would be basically in place, and everyone would enjoy basic living allowances. A reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution would be shaped. Middle?income people would make up the majority, absolute poverty would be basically eliminated, and everyone would access to basic medical and health services. We would develop an ecological culture; basically form energy, resource?conserving and environment?friendly industrial structure, as well as pattern of growth and consumption.There were wonderful statements in the report of the 17th National Congress of the CPC, “When the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is attained by 2020, China, a large developing socialist country with an ancient civilization, will have basically accomplished industrialization, with its overall strength significantly increased and its domestic market ranking as one of the largest in the world. It will be a country whose people are better off and enjoy markedly improved quality of life and a good environment. Its citizens will have more extensive democratic rights, show higher ethical standards and look forward to greater cultural achievements. China will have better institutions in all areas and Chinese society will have greater vitality coupled with stability and unity. The country will be still more open and friendly to the outside world and make greater contributions to human civilization.”2.The report of the 18th National Congress of the CPC further promoted the understanding and decision of building a moderately prosperous society in all respectsAccording to China?s actual economic and social development, the report of the 18th National Congress of the CPC purposed that we would strive to meet new requirements on the basis of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects set at the 16th and 17th National Congresses of the CPC. First, the economy would have sustained and sound development. On the basis of making China?s development much more balanced, coordinated and sustainable, we should double the 2010 GDP and per capita income for both urban and rural residents. Se?cond, the people?s democracy would be continuously expanded. The basic strategy of law?based governance would be fully implemented, the rule of law government would be basically established, judicial credibility would be steadily improved, and human rights would be effectively respected and guaranteed. Third, cultural soft power would be significantly enhanced. Core socialist values would be gained popularity among the people, the cultural industry would become a pillar of the national economy, and the foundation for building a strong socialist culture would become more solid. Fourth, the people?s living standards would be improved in an all?round way. Equal access to basic public services would be achieved on the whole, the educational level of the people and the training of innovative personnel would be significantly improved, job opportunities would be increased, the income gap would be narrowed, and social security coverage would be achieved for all. Fifth, major progress would be made in building a resource?conserving and environment?friendly society.Ⅴ.Xi Jinping Has Accomplished the Great Task of Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects1.Rich guiding theoriesSince the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has made many new statements on building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. First, building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is essential to realizing the Chinese dream. The Chinese Dream means that the Chinese people and the Chinese nation recognize and pursue values, and it means that we will complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Second, in order to complete the building of a moderately prospe?rous society in all respects, we must not lose sight of the rural areas. Living standards of the villagers may reflect whether we are well?off or not. On February 13, 2015, Xi Jinping presided over a symposium on poverty alleviation and prosperity in the old revolutionary base areas of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. He pointed out, “We have achieved the first centenary goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. But it would be incomplete if we did not achieve that in the old revolutionary base areas, especially if poor people in the old revolutionary base areas did not get rid of poverty. This is what I often say that living standards of the villagers may reflect whether we are well?off or not.” Third, building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is a common cause of all ethnic groups. “The vicissitudes of the Dulong and other ethnic minorities have proved the superiority of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics”, Xi Jinping said during a meeting with cadres and mass representatives of Gongshan Dulong Nu Autonomous County on January 19 to 21, 2015. The tasks ahead are still daunting. We must continue to leverage the strength of our system and continue to do our work well and get things done. In achieving moderate prosperity in all respects, no nation should be left behind. Fourth, people?s good health is an important part of building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and an important basis for everyone?s growth and happiness.The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, held on October 26 to 29, 2015, further outlined the new goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The Proposal of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 13th Five?Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development pointed out that in the next five years, we would strive to achieve the following new goals and requirements on the basis of the goals and requirements already set for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.First, the economy would maintain a medium?high growth rate. On the basis of making development more balanced, inclusive and sustainable, we would double the 2010 GDP and per capita income of urban and rural residents by 2020. Major economic indicators would be balanced and coordinated, the spatial pattern of development would be improved, and the efficiency of investment and enterprise would be raised notably. The integrated development of industrialization and IT application would be further improved, industries would move to the medium?high end, advanced manufacturing would develop at a faster pace, new industries and new forms of business would continue to grow, and the share of the service sector would continue to rise. The contribution of consumption to economic growth would increase markedly. The urbanization rate of registered population would increase at a faster pace. Significant progress would be made in agricultural modernization. China would become an innovative country and a talent?rich country.Second, people?s living standards and quality would be generally improved. The employment, education, culture, social security, medical care, housing and other public service systems would be improved, and equal access to basic public services would be steadily increased. Significant progress would be made in modernizing education, and the number of years of schooling for the working?age population significantly would increase. The income gap would be narrowed, and the proportion of the middle?income population would be raised. By the current standards, all rural residents living in poverty would be lifted out of poverty, and all poor counties would be lifted out of poverty.Third, the quality of the Chinese people and the level of social civilization would be improved significantly. The Chinese Dream and core socialist values would gain greater popularity among the people. Patrio?tism, collectivism, and socialist ideology would be widely promoted. The people?s ideological and moral standards, scientific and cultural standards, and health standards would be notably improved. The whole society?s awareness of the rule of law would steadily increase. A system of public cultural services would be basically completed, and the cultural industry would become a pillar of the national economy. The influence of Chinese culture would continue to grow.Fourth, ecological and environmental quality would be improved on the whole. Our mode of production and way of life would be more green and low?carbon. The efficiency in the development and utilization of energy and resources would be greatly improved, energy and water consumption, construction land, and total carbon emissions would be effectively controlled, and total emissions of major pollutants would be significantly reduced. We would basically put in place the layout of functional zones and a barrier for ecological security.Fifth, institutions in all areas would become more mature and established. Major progress would be made in modernization of China?s governance system and capacity, and basic institutions and systems in various fields would have taken shape. The people?s democracy would be improved, the rule of law government would be basically established, and judicial credibility would be significantly improved. Human rights would be effectively guaranteed and property rights would be effectively protected. A new system for building an open economy would be basically in place. The modern military system with Chinese characteristics would be improved. The institutionalization of Party building would be markedly improved.The 19th National Congress of the CPC held in October 2017 pointed out，“The period between now and 2020 will be decisive in finishing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. We must follow the requirements on building this society set out at our 16th, 17th, and 18th National Congresses, act in response to the evolution of the principal contradiction in Chinese society, and promote coordinated economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement. We must show firm resolve in implementing the strategy for invigorating China through science and education, the strategy on developing a quality workforce, the innovation?driven development strategy, the rural vitalization strategy, the coordinated regional development strategy, the sustainable development strategy, and the military?civilian integration strategy. We must focus on priorities, address inadequacies, and shore up points of weakness. In this regard, I want to stress that we must take tough steps to forestall and defuse major risks, carry out targeted poverty alleviation, and prevent and control pollution, so that the moderately prosperous society we build earns the people?s approval and stands the test of time.”2.Historic achievements made in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects with a decisive victoryBuilding a moderately prosperous society of a higher level in all respects to the benefit of over one billion people by the time of the Party?s 100th anniversary is a goal and promise of our Party on the basis of basically completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in the new century. Ever since the CPC Central Committee put forward the strategic vision of a moderately prosperous society in the early days of reform and opening?up, the Party has taken the people?s aspiration for a better life as its goal, which has been followed by successive generations.The period of the 13th Five?Year Plan is the winning stage of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. In the five years from 2016 to 2020, in the face of complicated international situation, the task of heavy domestic reform, development and stability, especially COVID?19 pandemic outbreak with serious impact, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core forged ahead with pioneering efforts and innovation. They focused on key areas and strengthened areas of weakness, resolutely fighting the three critical battles as preventing and defusing major risks, taking targeted measures to alleviate po?verty, and preventing and controlling pollution to advance the cause of the party and the state. Due to unremitting efforts, major breakthroughs had been made in comprehensively deepening reform, major progress had been made in advancing law?based governance, and major achievements had been made in comprehensively enforcing strict Party self?governance. The modernization of China?s governance system and capacity had been accelerated, and the strengths of China?s socialist system had been further demonstrated. China?s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and overall national strength had reached a new high. China?s economic performance would be stable on the whole, and the economic structure would continue to improve. By 2020, China?s GDP would exceed RMB 100 trillion. Imminent achievements were made in the fight against poverty, with 55?75 million rural residents lifted out of poverty. China?s annual grain output had been above 1?3 trillion metric tons for the five consecutive years. Pollution prevention and control efforts had been intensified, and the ecological environment had been markedly improved. The opening?up continued to expand and the joint construction of The Belt and Road Initiative yielded fruitful results. More than 60 million new urban jobs had been created. The world?s largest social security system had been established. More than 1?3 billion people were covered by basic medical insurance and nearly 1 billion people were covered by basic old?age insurance. Major strategic achievements had been made in COVID?19 pandemic prevention and control. Cultural programs and industries prospered. National defense and the armed forces improved significantly, and major changes were made in the organization of the armed forces. National security had been comprehensively strengthened and social harmony and stability maintained. Building a moderately prosperous society in all respects embodies the centuries?old aspiration of the Chinese nation. The Chinese nation is a nation with a great spirit of dream. It has been the hope and expectation of the Chinese nation for thousands of years to build a stable and prosperous well?off society. However, no matter in the backward agricultural civilization era, or in the poor and weak modern times, building a moderately prosperous society can only be a distant extravagant hope of the people. Only under the leadership of the CPC can this dream become a reality. Since its founding date, the CPC has been firmly seeking happiness for the people and ways of realizing national rejuvenation from generation to generation. Especially after the 18th National Congress of the CPC,the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has been leading the Chinese people in an all?out sprint to win a decisive battle in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Achieving this goal will bring China?s development and people?s living standards to a new level, fulfill the solemn commitment our Party has made to the people, and mark the realization of the long?cherished wish of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. In December 2012, when inspecting the poverty alleviation work in Fuping County, Baoding, Hebei Province, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out，“Without a moderately prosperous society in rural areas, especially in poor areas, we cannot accomplish the task of building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.” In November 2013, he put forward the concept of “targeted poverty alleviation” while visiting the village of Shibadong in Hunan province, emphasizing that poverty alleviation should be based on facts and measures taken according to local conditions. On November 29, 2015, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the Decision on Winning the Battle of Poverty Alleviation. In October 2017, the report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC issued a rallying order to the whole Party and the people to resolutely win the battle against poverty. In June 2018, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council formulated the Guiding Opinions on Winning the Three?Year Campaign against Poverty. In March 2019, at the NPC and CPPCC sessions, General Secretary Xi Jinping called on the whole country to “fight as hard as possible and rise to the challenge” and sounded the clarion call to win the battle against poverty. In October 2019, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed to “resolutely win the battle against poverty and establish a long?term mechanism for solving relative poverty.”Building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is a crucial step on our journey to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, which has been the greatest dream of the Chinese nation since modern times and the historic mission that our Party has always shouldered. The “moderately prosperous dream” is a phased goal of the Chinese dream. Without the realization of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, national rejuvenation will be out of the question. Building a moderately prosperous society in all respects on schedule marks the completion of the first centenary goal and lays a solid foundation for the realization of the second, marking an important milestone in the history of the development of the Chinese nation.Building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is a great contribution to human society. In completing it, we have solved the problem of absolute poverty, enabled the Chinese people to enjoy a relatively comfortable life and greatly improved the overall development of human society. Socialist China stands with an even greater image in the East. According to IMF statistics, in 2019, there were 70 countries and regions with a per capita GDP of more than USD 10,000, including China?s population of more than 1?4 billion, with a total population of about 2?9 billion. China?s completion of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects has nearly doubled the number of people in the world with a per capita GDP of more than USD 10,000.Building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects fully demonstrates the strong vitality and great superiority of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, significantly elevates China?s international standing, and contributes Chinese wisdom and solutions to the efforts of other developing countries in solving the problem of poverty and achieve modernization.