网络互联与路由技术

目录 第1 章 网络互联概述···················1 1.1 网络互联的概念·······················1 1.1.1 网络互联形式与层次············1 1.1.2 网络互联的目的与功能·········2 1.1.3 网络互联的优点··················2 1.1.4 基于IP 协议的互联网数据交换过程···························2 1.2 网络体系结构··························3 1.2.1 OSI 七层体系结构···············4 1.2.2 TCP/IP 四层体系结构···········5 1.3 练习题···································7 第2 章 网络互联设备···················8 2.1 传输介质及其连接器·················8 2.1.1 同轴电缆···························8 2.1.2 双绞线······························9 2.1.3 光纤······························· 10 2.1.4 网卡······························· 11 2.2 中继器与集线器····················· 13 2.2.1 中继器···························· 13 2.2.2 集线器···························· 14 2.3 网桥与以太网交换机··············· 14 2.3.1 网桥······························· 15 2.3.2 以太网交换机概述············· 17 2.3.3 交换机的组成··················· 19 2.3.4 交换机的体系结构············· 22 2.3.5 交换机的性能指标············· 24 2.3.6 交换机的分类··················· 27 2.4 路由器································· 29 2.4.1 路由器概述······················ 29 2.4.2 路由器的组成··················· 31 2.4.3 路由器的体系结构············· 36 2.4.4 路由器的性能指标············· 37 2.4.5 路由器的分类··················· 38 2.5 网关及防火墙························ 40 2.5.1 网关······························· 40 2.5.2 防火墙···························· 41 2.6 练习题································· 45 第3 章 网络设备管理基本操作···· 46 3.1 基于H3C 设备的Comware软件平台····························· 46 3.2 H3C 网络设备管理相关术语······ 47 3.2.1 用户界面························· 47 3.2.2 视图······························· 48 3.2.3 命令行接口······················ 49 3.2.4 命令级别和用户级别·········· 51 3.2.5 保存当前配置··················· 52 3.3 网络设备登录与认证··············· 52 3.3.1 通过Console 接口登录设备······························· 53 3.3.2 Console 口登录的用户接口认证方式··················· 56 3.3.3 通过Telnet 登录网络设备···· 57 3.3.4 通过浏览器或网管软件登录······························· 58 3.3.5 通过Console 口用Modem拨号进行远程登录············· 60 3.4 网络设备文件管理·················· 62 3.4.1 文件名参数输入规则·········· 62 3.4.2 文件类型························· 62 3.4.3 网络设备启动引导调用文件过程························· 63 3.4.4 文件与目录操作················ 64 3.5 网络设备系统程序升级············ 65 3.5.1 基于XModem 协议的BootROM菜单操作升级过程············· 65 3.5.2 基于FTP 协议的命令行操作升级过程··················· 66 3.6 练习题································· 67 第4 章 以太网交换技术·············· 69 4.1 以太网技术··························· 69 4.1.1 以太网技术标准················ 69 4.1.1 以太网技术标准················ 69 4.1.2 以太网数据链路层的数据封装······························· 72 4.2 以太网交换机数据转发机制······ 73 4.2.1 交换机端口传输模式·········· 73 4.2.2 交换机数据转发方式·········· 74 4.2.3 交换机数据转发与 转发表的维护··················· 74 4.3 交换机的应用技术·················· 76 4.3.1 级联与堆叠······················ 76 4.3.2 端口与地址绑定················ 78 4.3.3 端口镜像························· 79 4.4 交换机的端口及地址表管理配置··································· 79 4.4.1 H3C 交换机命名规则········· 79 4.4.2 H3C 交换机接口编号规则··· 80 4.4.3 以太网端口的全双式/ 半双工设置······················ 81 4.4.4 以太网端口的速率设置······· 81 4.4.5 以太网端口的网线类型设置····························· 82 4.4.6 以太网端口广播风暴制比设置······························· 82 4.4.7 开启以太网流量控制特性···· 83 4.4.8 关闭以太网端口················ 83 4.4.9 MAC 地址表管理配置········ 83 4.5 交换机链路聚合技术··············· 84 4.5.1 链路聚合概述··················· 84 4.5.2 链路聚合分类··················· 84 4.5.3 静态聚合示例··················· 85 4.6 生成树································· 87 4.6.1 STP 协议························· 87 4.6.2 STP 的改进······················ 96 4.6.3 STP 配置························· 98 4.7 虚拟局域网技术····················· 99 4.7.1 VLAN 概述······················ 99 4.7.2 IEEE 802.1Q 标准············ 102 4.7.3 基于端口的VLAN 实现···· 104 4.7.4 基于协议的VLAN 实现···· 109 4.8 练习题································111 第5 章 IP 路由技术·················· 114 5.1 路由及路由表······················ 114 5.1.1 路由基础······················· 114 5.1.2 路由的生成与维护方法····· 116 5.2 路由算法与协议··················· 117 5.2.1 路由算法······················· 117 5.2.2 路由协议······················· 120 5.2.3 路由匹配······················· 122 5.3 RIP 协议····························· 125 5.3.1 RIP 协议简介················· 125 5.3.2 RIP 协议对路由表维护····· 127 .......