骨科手术入路图解:::

脊柱，前路手术
Spine, Anterior Approaches /1
1 颈椎与颈胸椎交界区 Cervical Spine and Cervicothoracic Junction /2
1.1 C1~C2（C3）经口入路 /2
Transoropharyngeal Approach C1-C2(C3)
1.2 C3~T2 前方入路 /4
Anterior Approach to the Cervical Spine C3-T2
1.3 下颈椎及上胸椎前方入路（Cauchoix，Binet 及 Evrard 入路）/13
Anterior Approach to the Lower Cervical and Upper Thoracic Spine C4-T3 According to Cauchoix, Binet, and Evrard
2 胸椎 Thoracic Spine /18
2.1 T4~T11 经胸腔入路 /18
Transthoracic Approach to the Thoracic Spine T4-T11
2.2 前方经胸膜入路显露 T3~T11（Louis 入路）/29
Anterior Transpleural Approach to the Spine T3-T11 According to Louis
2.3 高位胸廓开胸术（T1~T4）/33
High Thoracotomy T1-T4
2.4 微创胸腔镜辅助下胸椎手术 /37
Thoracoscopic and Minimally Invasive, Thoracoscopy-Assisted Access to the Thoracic Spine
3 胸腰椎交界区 Thoracolumbar Junction /43
3.1 脊柱 T9~L5 水平经腹膜后胸膜外入路（Hodgson 入路）/43
Retroperitoneal Extrapleural Approach to the Thoracolumbar Spine T9-L5 According to Hodgson
3.2 胸腰椎 T4~L5 双重开胸入路（Bauer 入路）/55
Approach to Thoracolumbar Spine with Two-fold Thoracotomy T4-L5 According to Bauer
3.3 腹膜后胸膜外胸腰椎 T11~L5 入路（Mirbaha 入路）/59
Retroperitoneal Extrapleural Approach to Thoracolumbar Spine T11-L5 According to Mirbaha
4 腰椎及腰骶椎交界区 Lumbar Spine and Lumbosacral Junction /65
4.1 经腹膜后入路显露 L2~L5 /65
Retroperitoneal Approach to the Lumbar Spine L2-L5
4.2 经腹膜入路显露腰骶椎交界区（L4~S1）/69
Transperitoneal Approach to the Lumbosacral Junction L4-S1
4.3 微创经侧方入路显露 L2~L5 /73
Minimally Invasive Lateral Approach to the Lumbar Spine L2-L5
脊柱，后路手术
Spine, Posterior Approaches /77
5 颈椎 Cervical Spine /78
5.1 颈椎与枕颈交界区后路手术 /78
Posterior Approach to the Cervical Spine and Occipitocervical Junction
6 胸椎和腰椎 Thoracic and Lumbar Spine /83
6.1 T3~T10 肋横突关节切除入路 /83
Costotransversectomy T3-T10
6.2 胸腰椎后入路 /87
Posterior Approach to the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine
6.3 腰骶交界区 Wiltse 椎旁肌入路 /93
Paraspinal Approach to the Lumbosacral Junction According to Wiltse
6.4 椎板切开术及椎间盘摘除术的后路短切口入路 /94
Short Posterior Approach to the Lumbar Spine for Laminotomy and Removal of an Intervertebral Disk
骨盆与下肢
Pelvis and Lower Extremity /99
7 骨盆：骨盆环 Pelvis: Pelvic Ring /100
7.1 耻骨联合与骨盆前环入路 /100
Approach to the Symphysis and Anterior Pelvis
7.2 骨盆后环前方入路 /102
Anterior Approach to the Posterior Pelvis
7.3 骶骨后侧入路 /104
Posterior Approach to the Sacrum
7.4 置入骶髂螺钉的侧方微创入路 /105
Lateral Minimally Invasive Approach for Trans-sacroiliac Screw Placement
7.5 坐骨和耻骨入路 /106
Approach to the Ischium and Pubis
8 骨盆：髋臼 Pelvis: Acetabulum /109
8.1 髂腹股沟入路（Letournel 入路）/109
Ilioinguinal Approach According to Letournel
8.2 髋关节后侧入路（Kocher-Langenbeck 入路）/114
Posterior Approach to the Hip According to Kocher-Langenbeck
8.3 前侧微创入路（Stoppa 入路）/118
Anterior Limited Approach According to Stoppa
8.4 Judet 经髂骨入路 /120
Transiliac Approach According to Judet
8.5 Judet 髋臼入路 /124
Approach to the Acetabulum According to Judet
9 髋关节 Hip Joint /128
9.1 髋关节脱位后侧入路（Ganz 入路）/128
Posterior Approach to the Hip Joint with Dislocation According to Ganz
9.2 后侧微创入路 /131
Posterior Minimally Invasive Approach
9.3 经臀肌入路（Bauer 入路）/135
Transgluteal Approach According to Bauer
9.4 经臀肌微创入路 /138
Minimally Invasive Transgluteal Approach
9.5 髋关节前外侧入路 /141
Anterolateral Approach to the Hip Joint
9.6 髋关节前外侧微创入路 /145
Minimally Invasive Anterolateral Approach to the Hip Joint
9.7 髋关节前侧入路 /149
Anterior Approach to the Hip Joint
9.8 前侧微创入路 /152
Anterior Minimally Invasive Approach
9.9 髋关节关节镜入路 /156
Arthroscopic Approaches to the Hip Joint
10 股骨 Femur /161
10.1 前侧入路 /161
Anterior Approach
10.2 股骨骨髓腔的外侧近端入路 /164
Lateral Proximal Approach to the Medullary Cavity of the Femur
10.3 股骨外侧入路 /165
Lateral Approach to the Femur
10.3a 外侧入路：常规显露 /165
Lateral Approach—General Points
10.3b 外侧入路：显露股骨近端 /165
Lateral Approach—Exposure of the Proximal Femur
10.3c 外侧入路：显露股骨远端 /168
Lateral Approach—Exposure of the Distal Femur
10.4 外侧微创入路 /171
Minimally Invasive Lateral Approach to the Femur
10.5 内侧入路 /173
Medial Approach to the Femur
10.6 后侧入路 /177
Posterior Approach to Femur
10.7 股骨远端经关节的髓腔入路 /182
Transarticular Medullary Cavity Approach to the Distal Femur
11 膝关节 Knee /183
11.1 前内侧微创入路 /183
Anteromedial Minimally Invasive Approaches to the Knee Joint
11.2 前内侧髌旁入路 /187
Anteromedial Parapatellar Approach
11.3 小切口内侧入路 /193
Short Medial Approach to the Knee
11.4 前外侧入路 /195
Anterolateral Approach to the Knee Joint
11.5 后外侧入路（Henderson 入路）/197
Posterolateral Approach According to Henderson
11.6 后侧入路（Trickey 入路）/199
Posterior Approach to the Knee Joint According to Trickey
11.7 关节镜入路 /204
Arthroscopic Approaches
12 小腿 Lower Leg /207
12.1 胫骨骨髓腔的近端入路 /207
Proximal Approach to the Medullary Cavity of the Tibia
12.2 胫骨平台的直接后侧入路 /209
Direct Posterior Approach to the Tibial Plateau
12.3 胫骨平台的后内侧入路 /211
Posteromedial Approach to the Tibial Plateau
12.4 经腓骨截骨的胫骨平台后外侧入路 /213
Posterolateral Approach to the Tibial Plateau with Osteotomy of the Fibula
12.5 胫腓骨的后外侧入路 /216
Posterolateral Approach to the Tibia and Fibula
12.6 胫骨干的后内侧入路 /220
Posteromedial Approach to the Tibial Shaft
12.7 胫骨内侧和外侧微创入路 /222
Minimally Invasive Approach to the Medial and Lateral Tibia
12.8 腓骨外侧入路 /227
Lateral Approach to the Fibula
13 足 Foot /230
13.1 踝关节前侧入路 /230
Anterior Approach to the Ankle Joint
13.2 踝关节和距跟舟关节的前外侧入路 /233
Anterolateral Approach to the Ankle Joint and Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
13.3 Cincinnati 入路 /236
Cincinnati Approach
13.4 踝关节和距跟舟关节内侧的后内侧入路 /241
Posteromedial Approach to the Ankle Joint and the Medial Side of the Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
13.5 踝关节背外侧入路 /246
Dorsolateral Approach to the Ankle Joint
13.6 经内踝截骨的踝关节内侧入路 /249
Medial Exposure of the Ankle Joint with Osteotomy of the Medial Malleolus
13.7 关节镜入路 /251
Arthroscopic Approaches
13.8 内踝内侧入路 /253
Medial Approach to the Medial Malleolus
13.9 外踝入路 /254
Approach to the Lateral Malleolus
13.10 跟骨外侧入路 /255
Lateral Approach to the Calcaneus
13.11 跟骨和距跟舟关节的外侧入路 /256
Lateral Approach to the Calcaneus and Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
13.12 跟骨内侧入路 /258
Medial Approach to the Calcaneus
13.13 距跟舟关节外侧入路 /259
Lateral Approach to the Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
13.14 跖骨关节前侧入路 /262
Anterior Approach to the Metatarsal Joints
13.15 跖跗关节内侧入路 /264
Medial Approach to the Tarsometatarsal Joints
13.16 跖趾关节足底入路 /267
Plantar Approach to the Metatarsophalangeal Joints
13.17 第 1 跖趾关节内侧入路 /270
Medial Approach to the Metatarsophalangeal Joint of the Great Toe
13.18 跖骨、跖趾关节和趾间关节后侧入路 /272
Posterior Approaches to the Metatarsal Bones, Metatarsophalangeal Joint, and Interphalangeal Joint
13.19 趾屈肌腱的足底入路 /272
Plantar Approach to the Toe Flexor Tendons
13.20 第 2 趾伸肌入路 /273
Extensor Approach to the Second Toe
肩部与上肢
Shoulder and Upper Extremity /277
14 肩胛骨与锁骨 Scapula and Clavicle /278
14.1 锁骨与肩锁关节的手术入路 /278
Approach to the Clavicle and Acromioclavicular Joint
14.2 胸锁关节的手术入路 /280
Approach to the Sternoclavicular Joint
14.3 肩胛骨的手术入路 /281
Approach to the Scapula
15 肩关节 Shoulder /287
15.1 肩关节前方入路 /287
Anterior Approach to the Shoulder Joint
15.2 显露肱骨近端的肩关节前方延长入路 /292
Extended Anterior Approach to the Shoulder Joint with Exposure of the Proximal Humerus
15.3 肩关节前上入路 /293
Anterosuperior Approach to the Shoulder Joint
15.4 前外侧入路（Bigliani 入路）/294
Anterolateral Approach According to Bigliani
15.5 后上方入路（Gschwend 入路）/296
Posterosuperior Approach According to Gschwend
15.6 肩关节后方入路 /297
Posterior Approach to the Shoulder Joint
15.7 肩关节镜手术入路 /299
Arthroscopic Approach to the Shoulder
16 肱骨 Humerus /306
16.1 肱骨近端手术入路 /306
Proximal Approach to the Humerus
16.2 肱骨后方入路 /307
Posterior Approach to the Humerus
16.3 肱骨远端后方入路 /310
Distal Posterior Approach to the Humerus
16.4 肱骨前方入路 /311
Anterior Approach to the Humerus
16.5 肱骨外侧入路 /316
Lateral Approach to the Humerus
16.6 肱骨内侧入路 /319
Medial Approach to the Humerus
17 肘关节 Elbow /322
17.1 肘关节后方入路 /322
Posterior Approach to the Elbow Joint
17.2 肘关节外侧入路 /329
Lateral Approach to the Elbow Joint
17.3 肘关节内侧入路 /334
Medial Approach to the Elbow Joint
17.4 肘关节前方入路 /337
Anterior Approach to the Elbow Joint
17.5 肘关节镜入路 /342
Approaches for Elbow Arthroscopy
18 前臂 Forearm /346
18.1 桡骨前方入路（Henry 入路）/346
Anterior Approach to the Radius According to Henry
18.2 桡骨背外侧入路（Thompson 入路）/349
Dorsolateral Approach to the Radius According to Thompson
18.3 近端桡骨与尺骨手术入路（Boyd 入路）/352
Approach to the Proximal Parts of the Radius and Ulna According to Boyd
18.4 尺骨外侧入路 /354
Lateral Approach to the Ulna
18.5 桡骨远端的背侧入路 /356
Posterior Approach to the Distal Part of the Radius
18.6 尺骨远端的手术入路 /358
Approach to the Distal Portion of the Ulna
18.7 桡骨远端的掌侧入路 /359
Palmar Approach to the Distal Part of the Radius
19 腕关节 Wrist /362
19.1 镜下腕管松解的微创入路 /362
Minimally Invasive Approach for Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Division
19.2 腕关节的背侧入路 /365
Posterior Approach to the Wrist
19.3 腕关节的掌侧入路 /368
Palmar Approach to the Wrist
19.4 腕关节镜入路 /372
Approach for Arthroscopy
20 手部 Hand /376
20.1 手部掌侧入路（Skoog 入路）/376
Approach to the Palm According to Skoog
20.2 Guyon 管尺神经显露 /380
Exposure of the Ulnar Nerve in the Canal of Guyon
20.3 腕舟骨的掌侧入路 /382
Palmar Approach to the Scaphoid
20.4 拇指腕掌关节的入路 /384
Approach to the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb
20.5 第 1 伸肌间室的入路 /386
Approach to the First Extensor Tendon Compartment
20.6 手背和手指的背侧切口 /387
Dorsal Incisions Over the Dorsum of the Hand and Fingers
20.6a 背侧切口：常规显露 /387
Dorsal Incisions—General Points
20.6b 掌指关节的背侧入路 /387
Dorsal Approach to the Metacarpophalangeal Joint
20.6c 近节指间关节的背侧入路 /389
Dorsal Approach to the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
20.6d 需要切断侧副韧带的近侧指间关节背侧入路 /390
Dorsal Approach to the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Involving Transection of the Collateral Ligament
20.6e 远侧指间关节的背侧入路 /392
Dorsal Approach to the Distal Interphalangeal Joint
20.7 手指屈肌腱的入路 /393
Approach to the Finger Flexor Tendons
20.8 指屈肌腱和近侧指间关节的掌侧显露 /395
Palmar Exposure of the Flexor Tendon and Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
20.9 指屈肌腱的侧方中线切口 /397
Approach to the Finger Flexor Tendon Via the Midlateral Incision
20.10 拇指环形韧带的入路 /400
Approach to the Annular Ligament of the Thumb
附录  专业术语英汉对照 /404