非洲华侨华人报告

　　《非洲华侨华人报告（英文版）》：　　As is mentioned above, the population of the overseas Chinese in Africa is distributed unevenly. The overwhelming majority of this population, about 90 percent of them are new immigrants, or new overseas Chinese. Of this group, about a quart.er are short-term workers. What follows is an analysis of the potential changes in the major overseas Chinese communities in Africa, which might suggest the changing trend of this population.　　Firstly, the earlier overseas Chinese and government-sponsored personnel will show a slow increase m number. Government-sponsored personnel work within specific terms of service, usually on a three-or five-year rotation basis. As a rule, the total number of this group is stable, but with the increased pace of economic development and cultural exchanges, government-sponsored personnel will see a long, slow rise in numbers. Meanwhile, the number of the early overseas Chinese remains stable, in that some of their younger generations emigrate to Western countries leading to a decrease in the natural population growth rate.　　Secondly, self-supporting personnel, especially self-employed people, will remain stable, with a slight decrease in number. On the one hand, influenced by global economy, African major economies are currently facing weak growth. It is not only in South Africa and Nigeria, but also in Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania. By far, no internal and external forces driving the economic growth have emerged. On the other hand, institutions of higher education in South Africa, Nigeria and Egypt are attracting an increasing number of Chinese students. Self-funded students have become a notable source of enrolment. With Africa's deepening understanding of China, Chinese culture is growing in popularity, and many Chinese doctors, martial-arts teachers and Chinese language teachers will seize the opportunity to spread Chinese culture and enhancing mutual exchanges. Henceforth, the number of private businesses and personnel will not increase in the short term The number of Chinese students studying in Africa and those disseminating the Chinese culture will remain steady.　　Thirdly, the number of short-term workers will decrease while the number of technical and management personnel will gradually increase. In the past few years, there is a rising number of the overseas Chinese, largely due to a sharp increase in the number of contract labourers. ln 2011, China withdrew 35, 860 Chinese nationals from Libya, most of whom were workers. In Rwanda, there were about 900 Chinese residents in 2012, two-thirds of whom were employees of Chinese companies engaged in contract or foreign aid projects; the remaining one-third were self-employed Chinese traders and their family members. The Chinese enterprises included central and local enterprises, with the central ones mainly responsible for foreign-aid projects and the local ones focused on contract projects. Despite the fluctuation in these enterprises' employee numbers, recent years have seen a general increase in their overall number. This was true in other African countries as well. Even so, the situation in 2012 might suggest that a revision is soon to come, for the following reasons. With economic development and market changes, Chinese enterprises were no longer able to recruit cheap labour at home, creating numerous problems related to employee benefits and management. African countries complained about the large proportion of Chinese workers in Chinese businesses, putting a strain on those nations' relationships with China, though the Chinese government has taken measures to address the imbalance. With the improved livelihood of Chinese people at home, many have lost the desire to venture outside for work, especially going abroad. Given this situation, the number of short-term workers will gradually decrease. However, we estimate that technical and management personnel will grow in number as a result of African labourers being relatively short of relevant skills. For instance, the Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport and a new parliament building are under construction supported by China Jiangsu International Economic and Technical Cooperation Group and Shanghai Construction Group. There are 100 Chinese workers in the former project, 30% to 40% of whom are managers and the rest are foremen. There are 145 Chinese in the latter project, most of whom are technicians and managers.　　……