Scratch少儿编程思维训练:培养孩子的逻辑思维和计算思维能力

目? 录

**部分? Scratch快速入门

第1章 初识Scratch····················2

1.1? 什么是编程··············································· 2

1.2? Scratch简介·············································· 3

1.3? Scratch的下载和安装······························· 4

1.3.1 计算机操作基础········································4

1.3.2 Scratch的下载···········································6

1.3.3 Scratch的安装···········································7

1.3.4 Scratch的启动···········································8

1.4? Scratch的编程界面··································· 9

1.4.1 积木区·····························10

1.4.2 代码区·····························11

1.4.3 角色区·····························13

1.4.4 舞台区·····························13

1.4.5 背景区·····························13

1.4.6 标签栏·····························14

1.4.7 菜单栏·····························15

1.4.8 按钮·································17

1.5? 动手做一做··············································17

第2章 角色·······························20

2.1? 什么是角色·············································20

2.2? 角色列表·························21

2.3? 添加、删除和复制角色·························22

2.3.1 添加角色··························22

2.3.2 删除角色··························23

2.3.3 复制角色··························23

2.4? 状态信息························23

2.5? 造型······························· 24

2.6? 配音································27

第3章 让角色“活”起来································29

3.1? 移动································29

3.1.1 舞台的直角坐标系···································29

3.1.2 用于移动角色的积木·······························31

3.1.3 动手做一做··············································33

3.1.4 位置监视器··············································35

3.2? 旋转······························· 35

3.2.1 角色的方向··············································35

3.2.2 用于旋转角色的积木·······························36

3.2.3 方向监视器··············································37

3.2.4 动手做一做··············································38

3.3? 碰到边缘就反弹·····································38

3.4? 变换造型························39

3.4.1 动画片的原理··········································39

3.4.2 动手做一做··············································40

3.5? 综合实例：海底世界······························41

3.5.1 任务描述··························41

3.5.2 构思和设计··············································41

3.5.3 编程实现··························42

第4章 外观：看我变变变································45

4.1? “说”和“思考”··································45

4.1.1 “说”和“思考”积木···························45

4.1.2 动手做一做··············································46

4.2? 改变大小·························47

4.2.1 改变大小的积木······································47

4.2.2 动手做一做··············································48

4.3? 改变背景························50

4.3.1 改变背景的积木······································50

4.3.2 动手做一做··············································50

4.4? 改变外观特效·········································51

4.5? 角色的显示和隐藏·································52

4.6? 改变造型························53

4.6.1 切换造型··························53

4.6.2 编辑造型··························54

4.7? 改变图层························54

4.7.1 图层的概念··············································54

4.7.2 改变图层的积木······································55

4.8? 综合实例：看我变变变·························56

4.8.1 任务描述··························56

4.8.2 构思和设计··············································56

4.8.3 编程实现··························57

第5章 让程序变得更“聪明”·························59

5.1? 流程图····························59

5.2? 条件执行积木········································60

5.3? 循环控制积木·········································61

5.4? 克隆积木························62

5.5? 其他控制积木········································63

5.6? 综合实例：大鱼吃小鱼·························64

5.6.1 任务描述··························64

5.6.2 构思和设计··············································64

5.6.3 编程实现··························64

第6章 用事件驱动程序执行·····························68

6.1? 事件类积木·············································68

6.2? 动手做一做·············································71

第7章 添加美妙的声音····································73

7.1? 声音类积木··············································73

7.2? 添加配音·························73

7.3? 播放声音·························74

第8章 积木中的“侦察兵”·····························75

8.1? 判断是否碰到或者是否按下····················75

8.1.1 积木介绍··························75

8.1.2 布尔运算（逻辑运算）···························76

8.1.3 动手做一做··············································77

8.2? 获取距离以及角色的属性·······················78

8.2.1 积木介绍··························78

8.2.2 动手做一做··············································79

8.3? 获取用户的输入······································81

第9章 运算类积木····················82

9.1? 运算类积木介绍·····································82

9.2? 动手做一做············································82

第10章 变量和列表·········································86

10.1? 变量和列表介绍····································86

10.2? 变量积木···············································87

10.3? 列表积木···············································87

10.4? 动手做一做···········································88

10.5? 综合实例：学生身高表的管理·····································89

10.5.1 任务描述························89

10.5.2 构思与设计············································89

10.5.3 编程实现···············································90

第11章 画笔积木·····················94

11.1? 画笔积木介绍········································94

11.2? 动手做一做···········································95

第12章 自制积木···················100

12.1? 自制积木介绍·······································100

12.2? 动手做一做··········································102

第二部分 计算思维及项目实例

第13章 计算思维···················110

13.1? 分解·······························110

13.2? 模式识别··············································111

13.3? 抽象化··························112

13.4? 算法开发··············································115

13.5? 计算思维的另一种表述························117

第14章 “打地鼠”游戏···································118

14.1? 任务描述···············································118

14.2? 问题分解··············································119

14.3? 角色设计及列表设置···························120

14.3.1 角色设计与制作··································120

14.3.2 列表和变量··········································121

14.4? 算法设计·············································123

14.5? 编程实现·············································128

第15章 四则运算测验····································131

15.1? 任务描述···············································131

15.2? 问题分解·············································132

15.3? 角色设计及变量设置···························132

15.3.1 角色设计与制作··································132

15.3.2 变量设置··············································135

15.4? 算法设计·············································135

15.5? 编程实现·············································139

第16章 画彩虹系列·······································144

16.1? 画彩虹和彩虹桥·································144

16.1.1 任务描述··············································144

16.1.2 问题分解··············································144

16.1.3 编程实现··············································145

16.2? 画彩虹圆和彩虹喇叭···························147

16.2.1 任务描述··············································147

16.2.2 问题分解··············································147

16.2.3 编程实现··············································148

第17章 冒泡排序法·······································151

17.1? 冒泡排序法简介····································151

17.2? 问题分解··············································153

17.3? 算法设计··············································154

17.4? 编程实现··············································155

附录A 常用的计算机操作和名词···················156

A.1? 鼠标操作（以右手操作为例）······································156

A.2? 名词解释··············································157

A.3? 文件管理和操作···································159

A.3.1 文件资源管理器简介·····························159

A.3.2 文件资源管理器的使用方法·········································161

附录B Scratch的所有积木····························163

B.1? 运动类···························164

B.2? 外观类··························166

B.3? 声音类··························169

B.4? 事件类··························170

B.5? 控制类···························171

B.6? 侦测类··························173

B.7? 运算类···························175

B.8? 变量类··························176

B.9? 自制积木·······················178

B.10? 画笔积木（扩展类）···························178

参考文献···································180