工程训练

概述(Summary) 1 第1章 铸造(Casting) 4 1.1 概述(Brief introduction) 4 1.2 砂型铸造(Sand casting) 5 1.2.1 造型方法 (Modeling method) 5 1.2.2 金属熔炼设备(Equipments of metal melting) 11 1.3 特种铸造(Special casting process) 12 思考与练习(Thinking and exercise) 14 第2章 锻压(Forging) 15 2.1 自由锻(Free forging) 15 2.1.1 自由锻的基本知识(Basic knowledge of free forging) 15 2.1.2 自由锻的基本操作工序(Basic operation process of free forging) 17 2.2 模锻(Die forging) 20 2.3 冲压(Stamping) 22 2.3.1 冲床(Punch) 22 2.3.2 冲模(Stamping die) 23 2.3.3 冲压的基本工序(Basic operation process of stamping) 24 思考与练习(Thinking and exercise) 25 第3章 焊接(Welding) 26 3.1 概述(Brief introduction) 26 3.2 电弧焊(Arc welding) 26 3.2.1 电弧焊原理与焊接过程(Principle and process of arc welding) 27 3.2.2 焊接接头与焊接位置(Welded joint and welding position) 28 3.2.3 焊条电弧焊(Shielded metal arc welding) 29 3.2.4 其他电弧焊方法(Other arc welding methods) 33 3.3 电阻焊和钎焊(Resistance welding and soldering) 35 3.3.1 电阻焊(Resistance welding) 35 3.3.2 钎焊(Soldering) 36 3.4 焊接生产的质量控制(Quality control of the welding production) 37 3.4.1 焊接缺陷(Welding defects) 37 3.4.2 焊接接头的检验方法(Test methods for welded joints) 39 思考与练习(Thinking and exercise) 39 第4章 热处理(Heat treatment) 40 4.1 概述(Brief introduction) 40 4.2 钢的热处理工艺(Heat treatment process of steel) 41 4.2.1 钢的整体热处理(Overall heat treatment) 41 4.2.2 钢的表面热处理和化学热处理(Surface heat treatment and chemical heat treatment of steel) 43 4.3 热处理的常用设备(Common equipments for heat treatment) 44 4.3.1 热处理加热设备(Heating equipments) 45 4.3.2 热处理冷却设备及其他设备(Cooling equipments and others) 46 思考与练习(Thinking and exercise) 47 第5章 钳工(Benchwork) 48 5.1 概述(Brief introduction) 48 5.1.1 钳工的基本操作(Basic operation of benchwork) 48 5.1.2 钳工工作台和虎钳(Fitter bench and vice) 48 5.2 划线(Marking) 49 5.2.1 划线的作用及种类(Effect and classification of marking) 49 5.2.2 划线的工具及其用法(Marking tool and using method) 50 5.2.3 划线基准及其选择(Marking reference and datum selection) 54 5.2.4 划线步骤(Operation step of marking) 54 5.3 锯削(Sawing process) 54 5.3.1 锯削的工具(Tool of sawing process) 55 5.3.2 锯削的操作(Sawing process operation) 56 5.4 锉削(Filing) 58 5.4.1 锉削的工具(Tool of filing) 58 5.4.2 锉削的操作(Filing operation) 59 5.5 钻孔、扩孔和铰孔(Hole drilling, expanding and reaming) 61 5.5.1 钻床(Drilling machine) 62 5.5.2 钻孔(Hole drilling) 63 5.5.3 钻孔用的夹具(Drilling fixture) 64 5.5.4 钻孔操作(Operation of drilling hole) 65 5.5.5 扩孔和铰孔(Hole expanding and reaming) 66 5.6 攻螺纹和套螺纹(Tapping and thread die cutting) 67 5.6.1 攻螺纹(Tapping) 67 5.6.2 套螺纹(Thread die cutting) 69 5.7 刮削(Scraping) 70 5.7.1 平面刮削(Scraping plane) 71 5.7.2 曲面刮削(Scraping curved surface) 71 5.8 装配与拆卸(Assembly and disassembly) 72 5.8.1 装配及联接的方法(Assembly and connecting method) 72 5.8.2 装配示例(Assembly example) 73 5.8.3 拆卸(Disassembly) 74 思考与练习(Thinking and exercise) 75 第6章 车削加工(Turning) 76 6.1 概述(Brief introduction) 76 6.2 车床(Lathe) 77 6.2.1 普通车床的组成和传动(Composition and transmission of common lathe) 77 6.2.2 其他车床(Other lathe) 82 6.3 车刀及其安装(Turning tool and turning tool installation) 83 6.3.1 车刀的种类及用途(Category and application of turning tool) 83 6.3.2 车刀的组成及选择(Composition and selection of turning tool) 84 6.3.3 正确装夹车刀(Correct clamping method of turning tool) 87 6.4 车床附件及工件安装(Lathe accessory and workpiece installation) 87 6.4.1 三爪自定心卡盘安装工件(Workpiece installation with 3-jaw self-centering chucks) 87 6.4.2 四爪单动卡盘安装工件(Workpiece installation with 4-jaw independent chucks) 88 6.4.3 双**安装工件(Workpiece installation with center) 89 6.4.4 中心架和跟刀架安装工件(Workpiece installation with central rest and follower rest) 89 6.4.5 花盘和花盘—弯板安装工件(Workpiece installation with chuck and chuck-bending plate) 90 6.4.6 心轴安装工件(Workpiece installation with mandrel) 91 6.5 车削的基本工作(Basic operation of turning) 92 6.5.1 车外圆(Cylindrical turning) 92 6.5.2 车端面(End face turning) 94 6.5.3 车台阶(Step face turning) 94 6.5.4 切槽与切断(Grooving and cutting) 95 6.5.5 车圆锥(Conical turning) 96 6.5.6 成形面车削(Forming surface turning) 98 6.5.7 孔加工(Hole machining) 99 6.5.8 车螺纹(Cutting thread) 100 6.5.9 滚花(Knurling) 101 思考与练习(Thinking and exercise) 101 第7章 铣削加工(Milling) 102 7.1 铣床及其附件(Milling machines and accessory) 103 7.1.1 铣床(Milling machines) 103 7.1.2 铣床附件(Accessory of milling machines) 105 7.2 铣刀及其装夹(Milling cutter and installation) 107 7.2.1 铣刀(Milling cutter) 107 7.2.2 铣刀的装夹(Installation of milling cutter) 108 7.3 工件的安装(Workpiece installation) 110 7.4 铣削的基本工作(Basic operation of milling) 111 7.4.1 铣平面(Flat surface milling) 111 7.4.2 铣斜面(Angular surface milling) 112 7.4.3 铣沟槽(Slot milling) 113 7.5 齿形加工(Gear and its profile machining) 114 7.5.1 铣齿(Gear milling) 114 7.5.2 滚齿(Gear hobbing) 115 7.5.3 插齿(Gear shaping) 117 7.5.4 其他齿形加工方法(Other method) 118 思考与练习(Thinking and exercise) 118 第8章 刨削加工(Planning) 120 8.1 牛头刨床(Shaping machines) 121 8.1.1 牛头刨床的组成(Composition of shaping machines) 121 8.1.2 牛头刨床的传动系统及机构调整 (Transmission system and mechanism adjusting of shaping machines) 122 8.1.3 刨刀及其装夹(Planning tool and its clamping) 123 8.1.4 工件安装方法(Installation method of workpiece) 123 8.1.5 刨削加工的基本工作(Basic operation of planning) 124 8.2 龙门刨床(Double column planning machines) 127 8.3 插床(Slotting machines) 128 思考与练习(Thinking and exercise) 129 第9章 磨削加工(Grinding) 130 9.1 磨床(Grinding machines) 130 9.1.1 外圆磨床(External cylindrical grinding machines) 131 9.1.2 内圆磨床(Internal grinders) 132 9.1.3 平面磨床(Surface grinding machines) 132 9.1.4 无心外圆磨床(External cylindrical centerless grinding machines) 133 9.2 砂轮(Grinding wheel) 135 9.2.1 砂轮的磨削原理及特性(Grinding principle and characteristics of grinding wheel) 135 9.2.2 砂轮的安装及修整(Installation and trimming of grinding wheel) 136 9.3 磨削加工的基本工作(Basic operation of grinding) 137 9.3.1 磨外圆(Cylindrical grinding) 137 9.3.2 磨内圆(Internal grinding) 139 9.3.3 磨圆锥面(Cone surface grinding) 140 9.3.4 磨平面(Plane grinding) 140 思考与练习(Thinking and exercise) 140 第10章 镗削加工和拉削加工(Boring and broaching) 142 10.1 镗削加工(Boring) 142 10.2 拉削加工(Broaching) 143 10.2.1 拉孔(Hole broaching) 143 10.2.2 拉平面(Plane broaching) 145 思考与练习(Thinking and exercise) 145 第11章 特种加工(Non-traditional machining) 146 11.1 概述(Brief introduction) 146 11.1.1 特种加工的产生和发展(Generation and development of NTM) 146 11.1.2 特种加工的分类(Classification of NTM) 146 11.1.3 特种加工对制造工艺技术的影响 (Influence of NTM on manufacturing technology) 147 11.2 电火花加工技术(Spark-erosion machining) 148 11.2.1 电火花加工的基本原理、特点与应用范围 (Basic principle, characteristics and application of spark-erosion machining) 148 11.2.2 电火花成形加工机床及组成 (Equipment and composition of spark-erosion sinking machines) 149 11.2.3 电火花成形加工机床的基本操作(Operation of spark-erosion sinking machines) 150 11.2.4 电火花成形加工应用实例(Application example of spark-erosion sinking machining) 151 11.3 数控电火花线切割加工技术(NC spark-erosion wire cutting machining) 153 11.3.1 数控电火花线切割加工的原理、特点与应用范围(Principle, characteristics and application of NC spark-erosion wire cutting machining) 153 11.3.2 数控电火花线切割加工设备(Equipment of NC spark-erosion wire cutting machining) 154 11.3.3 数控电火花线切割加工编程(Programming of NC spark-erosion wire cutting machining) 156 11.4 电化学加工技术(Electrochemical machining) 163 11.4.1 电化学加工的原理、分类、特点与应用范围 (Principle, classification, characteristics and application of ECM) 163 11.4.2 电解加工的原理与特点(Principle and characteristics of Electrolytic machining) 164 11.4.3 电解加工设备(Equipment of Electrolytic machining) 165 11.5 超声加工技术(Ultrasonic machining) 166 11.5.1 超声加工的基本原理与特点(Basic principle and characteristics of USM) 166 11.5.2 超声加工的设备及组成(Equipment and composition of USM) 168 思考与练习(Thinking and exercise) 170 第12章 数控加工(Numerically controlled machining) 171 12.1 概述(Brief introduction) 171 12.1.1 数控机床的组成及基本工作原理 (Composition and working principle of NC machine tools) 171 12.1.2 数控机床的加工特点(Characteristics of NC machine tools) 172 12.1.3 数控机床的分类(Classification of NC machine tools) 173 12.2 数控系统基础知识(Foundation of NC system) 178 12.2.1 数控系统的组成及工作过程(Composition and working principle of NC system) 178 12.2.2 数控系统的插补基本原理(Interpolation Principle of NC system) 180 12.3 数控车削加工(NC turning) 180 12.3.1 数控车床概述(Brief introduction of NC turning machines) 180 12.3.2 数控车床编程基础(Programming foundation of NC turning machines) 181 12.3.3 编程应用实例(Programming example) 187 12.3.4 数控车床操作(Operation of NC turning machines) 188 12.4 数控铣削加工(NC milling) 189 12.4.1 数控铣床概述(Brief introduction of NC milling machines) 190 12.4.2 数控铣床坐标系(Coordinate System of NC milling machines) 191 12.4.3 数控铣床编程基础(Programming foundation of NC milling machines) 192 12.4.4 编程应用实例(Programming example) 195 12.4.5 数控铣床操作(Operation of NC milling machines) 196 12.5 加工中心(Machining center) 199 12.5.1 加工中心的组成(Composition of machining center) 199 12.5.2 加工中心的结构特点(Structural characteristics of machining center) 199 思考与练习(Thinking and exercise) 200 参考文献(References) 201