“十四五”普通高等教育本科系列教材 Engineering Graphics

Preface Unit1 GraphicLanguageofEngineers ……………………………………………………1 1.1 IntroductionofEngineeringGraphics ……………………………………………… 1 1.2 DraftingStandards…………………………………………………………………… 3 1.3 UnderstandingProjections ………………………………………………………… 4 1.4 MultiviewDrawings ………………………………………………………………… 6 1.5 Three-viewDrawings ……………………………………………………………… 8 1.6 First-angle& Third-angleProjections ………………………………………… 8 1.7 DrawingProcessofThreeViews ………………………………………………… 12 Unit2 EngineeringDrawingTechniques ………………………………………………15 2.1 LineConventions(GB/T4457.4—2002) ……………………………………… 15 2.2 MeasurementSystems……………………………………………………………… 18 2.3 Scale(GB/T14690—1993) ……………………………………………………… 19 2.4 Dimensions(GB/T4458.4—2003) ……………………………………………… 20 2.5 Lettering(GB/T14691—1993) ………………………………………………… 27 2.6 DrawingPencils(GB/T26704—2011) ………………………………………… 28 2.7 StandardSheets&Layouts(GB/T14689—2008) …………………………… 29 2.8 GeometricConstruction …………………………………………………………… 31 2.9 PlanningtheDrawing ……………………………………………………………… 40 Unit3 GeometricEntities………………………………………………………………41 3.1 Points………………………………………………………………………………… 41 3.2 StraightLines ……………………………………………………………………… 46 3.3 Planes………………………………………………………………………………… 50 3.4 MutualLocation …………………………………………………………………… 56 3.5 ProjectionAnalysis ………………………………………………………………… 59 Unit4 PrimitiveGeometies ………………………………………………………………62 4.1 PrimitiveGeometies………………………………………………………………… 62 4.2 ExtrudedModels&PlanePrimitives …………………………………………… 62 4.3 Prisms ……………………………………………………………………………… 63 4.4 Pyramids …………………………………………………………………………… 64 4.5 TruncatedPlanePrimitives………………………………………………………… 66 4.6 RevolvedModels&CurvedPrimitives…………………………………………… 69 4.7 CircularCylindricalSurfaces ……………………………………………………… 70 4.8 CircularConeSurfaces …………………………………………………………76 4.9 SphericalSurfaces ………………………………………………………………… 81 Unit5 IntersectionsofSolidPrimitives ………………………………………………… 85 5.1 ConstructiveSolidGeometry ……………………………………………………… 85 5.2 IntersectionLinesofSurface-to-Surface ……………………………………… 86 5.3 IntersectionsofPlaneSolidandCurvedSolid …………………………………… 87 5.4 IntersectionofCurvedSolids ……………………………………………………… 89 5.5 SpecialCasesofIntersection ……………………………………………………… 96 5.6 TangenciesorIntersections ……………………………………………………… 98 Unit6 RepresentationofViews ……………………………………………………… 100 6.1 Feature-basedModeling ………………………………………………………… 100 6.2 Feature-basedAnalysis ………………………………………………………… 102 6.3 PrincipleViews&ProjectionBox ……………………………………………… 104 6.4 PartialViews& RemovedViews ……………………………………………… 108 6.5 RevolutionConventions…………………………………………………………… 109 6.6 AuxiliaryViews …………………………………………………………………… 110 6.7 Visualization ……………………………………………………………………… 112 6.8 ProjectingThirdView …………………………………………………………… 116 Unit7 SectionsandCuts……………………………………………………………… 118 7.1 FullSections ……………………………………………………………………… 118 7.2 HalfSections ……………………………………………………………………… 122 7.3 Broken-outSections……………………………………………………………… 123 7.4 OffsetSections …………………………………………………………………… 123 7.5 AlignedSections…………………………………………………………………… 123 7.6 RevolvedCuts……………………………………………………………………… 124 7.7 RemovedCuts……………………………………………………………………… 124 Unit8 PictorialProjections ……………………………………………………………127 8.1 PictorialSketches ………………………………………………………………… 127 8.2 IsometricProjections ……………………………………………………………… 128 8.3 MakingIsometricDrawing ……………………………………………………… 129 8.4 ObliqueDrawings ………………………………………………………………… 135 Unit9 TechnicalDrawings ………………………………………………………………138 9.1 IntroductiontoTechnicalDrawings …………………………………………… 138 9.2 DetailDrawings/Single-partDrawings ………………………………………… 139 9.3 Assemblydrawings ……………………………………………………………… 140 9.4 FeaturesonMechanicalParts …………………………………………………… 142 9.5 ConventionalRepresentations …………………………………………………… 143 9.6 Fillets,RoundsandRunouts …………………………………………………… 144 9.7 NecessaryViews ………………………………………………………………… 146 9.8 SimplifiedDrawings ……………………………………………………………… 147 Unit10 Dimensions……………………………………………………………………149 10.1 ConventionsofDimensions……………………………………………………… 149 10.2 ArrangementofDimensions …………………………………………………… 151 10.3 SuperfluousDimensions ………………………………………………………… 153 10.4 ShapeAnalysisforDimensioning ……………………………………………… 154 10.5 SizeDimensions ………………………………………………………………… 155 10.6 LocationDimensions …………………………………………………………… 157 10.7 DimensioningProcess …………………………………………………………… 158 Unit11 Tolerances ………………………………………………………………………161 11.1 QualityControl& Tolerances ………………………………………………… 161 11.2 FitsbetweenMatingParts ……………………………………………………… 163 11.3 Hole-basisSystem &Shaft-basisSystem …………………………………… 164 11.4 SelectiveAssembly ……………………………………………………………… 165 11.5 SpecifyingTolerances …………………………………………………………… 165 11.6 ANSISystemofToleranceandFits …………………………………………… 173 11.7 ToleranceStacking ……………………………………………………………… 174 11.8 PreferredFits …………………………………………………………………… 175 Unit12 GeometricTolerances&SurfaceRoughness …………………………………177 12.1 SymbolsforTolerancesofFormandLocation ……………………………… 177 12.2 ApplyingToleranceFramestoTolerancedFeatures ………………………… 180 12.3 DatumFeatures ………………………………………………………………… 181 12.4 AdditionalSymbols ……………………………………………………………… 182 12.5 UsingGeometricDimensioningandTolerancing……………………………… 183 12.6 SurfaceFinish&FinishMarks ………………………………………………… 184 12.7 GraphicalSymbolsofSurfaceTexture ………………………………………… 185 12.8 SurfaceTextureParameters&ComplementaryRequirements……………… 186 12.9 AnnotationofSurfaceTextureRequirements ………………………………… 188 Unit13 ThreadFasteners ……………………………………………………………191 13.1 ScrewThreadTerms …………………………………………………………… 191 13.2 ConventionalRepresentationsAssociatedwithThreads……………………… 197 13.3 ThreadNotes …………………………………………………………………… 200 13.4 Bolts,StudsandScrews………………………………………………………… 202 13.5 Bolts,NutsandWashersonDrawings………………………………………… 203 13.6 CapScrewsonDrawings………………………………………………………… 208 13.7 Studs,SpringLockWashersandNutsonDrawings ………………………… 211 Unit14 Keys,Pins,Bearings,Gears,Springs …………………………………………… 213 14.1 Keys ……………………………………………………………………………… 213 14.2 Pins ……………………………………………………………………………… 215 14.3 RollingBearings ………………………………………………………………… 217 14.4 Gears ……………………………………………………………………………… 222 14.5 Springs …………………………………………………………………………… 228 Unit15 AssemblyDrawings ……………………………………………………………232 15.1 Typeofassemblydrawings …………………………………………………… 232 15.2 GeneralAssemblyDrawings …………………………………………………… 234 15.3 Views,SectionsandAuxiliaries ……………………………………………… 236 15.4 DimensionsonAssemblyDrawings …………………………………………… 238 15.5 Identification&PartsList……………………………………………………… 240 15.6 OtherAssemblyDrawings ……………………………………………………… 241 Appendix ……………………………………………………………………………243 Reference ……………………………………………………………………………257