Ferri临床诊疗指南——实验室检查速查手册

目录简介································1实验室检查 A ····················2ACE Level血管紧张素转换酶水平······················ 2Acetone（serum or plasma）丙酮（血清或血浆） ·························· 2Acetylcholine Receptor（AChR）Antibody乙酰胆碱受体（AChR）抗体 ·············· 2Acid-Base Reference Values酸碱参考值····································· 2Acid Phosphatase（serum）酸性磷酸酶（血清） ·························· 2Acid Serum Test酸血清试验····································· 2Activated Clotting Time（ACT）活化凝血时间·································· 5Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time（APTT，aPTT）活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）·········· 5Adrenocorticotropic Hormone（ACTH）促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH） ··············· 5Alanine Aminopeptidase丙氨酸氨肽酶·································· 6Alanine Aminotransferase（ALT，SGPT）谷丙转氨酶（ALT，SGPT） ················ 6Albumin（serum）白蛋白（血清） ································ 6Alcohol Dehydrogenase醇脱氢酶········································ 6Aldolase（serum）醛缩酶（血清） ································ 8Aldosterone醛固酮··········································· 8Alkaline Phosphatase（ALP）（serum）碱性磷酸酶（ALP）（血清） ···············10Alpha-1-Antitrypsin（serum）α1- 抗胰蛋白酶（血清） ···················13Alpha-1-Fetoprotein（serum）甲胎蛋白（血清） ····························13ALT ·············································13Aluminum（serum）铝（血清） ·····································13AMA ············································13Amebiasis Serologic Test阿米巴病血清试验···························13Aminolevulinic Acid（δ-ALA）（24-hr urine collection）δ- 氨基 -γ- 酮戊酸（δ-ALA）（24 h 尿液收集） ·····························13Ammonia（serum）氨（血清） ·····································13Amylase（serum）淀粉酶（血清） ·······························14Amylase（urine）淀粉酶（尿液） ·······························14Amyloid A Protein（serum）淀粉样蛋白 A（血清） ······················16ANA ············································16ANCA ··········································16Androstenedione（serum）雄烯二酮（血清） ····························17Angiotensin Ⅱ血管紧张素Ⅱ·································17Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme（ACE level）血管紧张素转换酶（ACE 水平） ·········17ANH ············································17Anion Gap（AG）阴离子隙（AG） ······························17Anticardiolipin Antibody（ACA）抗心磷脂抗体（ACA） ······················20Anticoagulant抗凝剂··········································20Antidiuretic Hormone抗利尿激素····································20Anti-DNA抗 DNA 抗体··································21Anti-ds DNA抗双链 DNA 抗体····························23Antiglobulin Test抗球蛋白试验·································23Antiglomerular Basement Antibody抗肾小球基底膜抗体························23Antihistone抗组蛋白抗体·································23Antimitochondrial Antibody（AMA，mitochondrial antibody）抗线粒体抗体（AMA，线粒体抗体） ···24Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody（ANCA）抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体（ANCA）········24Antinuclear Antibody（ANA）抗核抗体（ANA）····························27Anti-RNP Antibody抗 RNP 抗体 ··································30Anti-SCL-70抗 SCL-70 抗体·······························31Anti-SM（anti-Smith）Antibody抗 SM（抗 Smith）抗体····················31Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody抗平滑肌抗体·································31Antistreptolysin O Titer（streptozyme，ASLO titer）抗链球菌溶血素 O 滴度（链球菌酶，ASLO 滴度） ··································31Antithrombin Ⅲ抗凝血酶Ⅲ····································31Apolipoprotein A-1（Apo A-1）载脂蛋白 A-1（Apo A-1） ··················32Apolipoprotein B（Apo B）载脂蛋白 B（Apo B） ·······················32Arterial Blood Gases动脉血气·······································32Arthrocentesis Fluid关节穿刺液····································35ASLO TiterASLO 滴度 ····································37Aspartate Aminotransferase（AST，SGOT）谷草转氨酶（AST，SGOT）···············37Atrial Natriuretic Hormone（ANH）心房利钠激素（ANH）······················39实验室检查 B ·················· 40B-Type Natriuretic Peptide（BNP）B 型利尿钠肽（BNP） ······················40Basophil Count嗜碱性粒细胞计数···························40Bicarbonate碳酸氢盐·······································41Bile，Urine胆汁，尿液····································41Bilirubin，Direct（conjugated bilirubin）直接胆红素（结合胆红素） ················41Bilirubin，Indirect（unconjugated bilirubin）间接胆红素（非结合胆红素） ·············41Bilirubin，Total总胆红素·······································42Bilirubin，Urine胆红素，尿液·································42Bladder Tumor Associated Antigen膀胱肿瘤相关抗原···························42Bleeding Time（modified IVY method）出血时间（改良 IVY 法） ··················45Blood Volume，Total总血容量·······································46BNP ·············································46Bordetella Pertussis Serology百日咳鲍特菌血清学························46BRCA AnalysisBRCA 分析 ····································46Breath Hydrogen Test（hydrogen breath test）呼氢试验（氢呼气试验） ···················48BUN ············································48实验室检查 C ·················· 49C282Y And H63D Mutation AnalysisC282Y 以及 H63D 突变分析 ··············49C3 ···············································49C4 ···············································49Calcitonin（serum）降钙素（血清） ·······························49Calcium（serum）钙（血清） ·····································49Calcium，Urine钙，尿液·······································54Cancer Antigen 15-3（CA 15-3）癌抗原 15-3（CA 15-3）·····················54Cancer Antigen 27-29（CA 27-29）癌抗原 27-29（CA 27-29）··················56Cancer Antigen 72-4（CA 72-4）癌抗原 72-4（CA 72-4）·····················56Cancer Antigen 125（CA 125）癌抗原 125（CA 125）·······················56Captopril Stimulation Test卡托普利刺激试验···························57Carbamazepine（Tegretol）卡马西平（得理多） ·························57Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9糖类抗原 19-9 ································57Carbon Dioxide，Partial Pressure二氧化碳分压·································57Carbon Monoxide一氧化碳·······································57Carboxyhemoglobin碳氧血红蛋白·································58Carcinoembryonic Antigen（CEA）癌胚抗原（CEA） ····························58Carotene（serum）胡萝卜素（血清） ····························58Catecholamines，Urine儿茶酚胺，尿液······························58CBC·············································58CD40 LigandCD40 配体 ·····································59CD4 ＋ T-Lymphocyte Count（CD4 ＋T cells）CD4 ＋ T 淋巴细胞计数（CD4 ＋T 细胞） ········································59CEA ·············································59Cerebrospinal Fluid（CSF）脑脊液（CSF） ································59Ceruloplasmin（serum）铜蓝蛋白（血清） ····························62Chlamydia Group Antibody Serologic Test衣原体群抗体血清学试验··················64Chlamydia Trachomatis PCR沙眼衣原体 PCR ·····························67Chloride（serum）氯化物（血清） ·······························67Chloride（sweat）氯化物（汗液） ·······························68Chloride，Urine氯化物，尿····································68Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin（CCK，CCK-PZ）胆囊收缩素＿促胰酶素（CCK，CCK-PZ） ···························68Cholesterol，High-Density Lipoprotein胆固醇，高密度脂蛋白·····················68Cholesterol，Low-Density Lipoprotein胆固醇，低密度脂蛋白·····················68Cholesterol，Total总胆固醇·······································68Chorionic Gonadotropins，Human（serum）（hCG）人绒毛膜促性腺激素（血清）（hCG） ···69Chymotrypsin糜蛋白酶·······································69Circulating Anticoagulant（lupus anticoagulant）循环抗凝物（狼疮抗凝物） ················71CK ··············································71Clonidine Suppression Test可乐定抑制试验······························71Clostridium Difficile Toxin Assay（stool）艰难梭菌毒素分析（粪便） ················71CO ··············································71Coagulation Factors凝血因子·······································71Cobalamin，Serum钴胺素，血清·································75Cold Agglutinins Titer冷凝集素滴度·································75Complement补体·············································75Complement Deficiency补体缺乏症····································75Complete Blood Count（CBC）全血细胞计数（CBC） ······················75Conjugated Bilirubin结合胆红素····································81Copper（serum）铜（血清） ·····································81Copper，Urine铜，尿液·······································81Corticotropin Releasing Hormone（CRH）Stimulation Test促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）刺激试验·······································81Cortisol，Plasma皮质醇，血浆·································82C-PeptideC- 肽 ············································82Coombs Direct直接 Coombs 试验 ···························82Coombs Indirect间接 Coombs 试验 ···························82CPK ·············································82C-Reactive ProteinC 反应蛋白 ····································82C-Reactive Protein，High Sensitivity（hs-CRP，cardio-CRP）超敏 C 反应蛋白（hs-CRP，cardio-CRP） ···································84Creatine Kinase（CK，CPK）肌酸激酶（CK，CPK） ·····················84Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes肌酸激酶同工酶······························84Creatinine（serum）肌酐（血清） ··································86Creatinine Clearance肌酐清除率····································88Creatinine，Urine肌酐，尿液····································91Cryoglobulins（serum）冷球蛋白（血清） ····························91Cryptosporidium Antigen By EIA（stool）EIA 法检测隐孢子虫抗原（粪便） ·······91CSF ·············································91Cystatin C半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 C ··················91Cystic Fibrosis PCR囊性纤维化 PCR ·····························92Cytomegalovirus By PCRPCR 检测巨细胞病毒 ·······················92实验室检查 D ·················· 93D-DimerD- 二聚体 ······································93Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate硫酸脱氢表雄酮······························93Dehydrotestosterone（serum，urine）去氢睾酮（血清，尿液） ···················94Deoxycorticosterone（11-deoxycorticosterone，DOC）（serum）脱氧皮质酮（11- 脱氧皮质酮，DOC）（血清） ·········································94Dexamethasone Suppression Test，Overnight过夜地塞米松抑制试验·····················94Digoxin地高辛··········································94Dilantin狄兰汀··········································94Direct Antiglobulin（Coombs direct）直接抗球蛋白（直接 Coombs） ···········95Disaccharide Absorption Tests双糖吸收试验·································95DOC ············································95Donath-Landsteiner（D-L）Test For Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria阵发性冷性血红蛋白尿症的Donath-Landsteiner（D-L）试验 ···········95Dopamine多巴胺··········································95D-Xylose AbsorptionD- 木糖吸收 ···································97D-Xylose Absorption TestD- 木糖吸收试验 ·····························97实验室检查 E ·················· 98Electrophoresis，Hemoglobin电泳，血红蛋白······························98Electrophoresis，Protein电泳，蛋白质·································98ENA ComplexENA 复合物 ···································98Endomysial Antibodies肌内膜抗体····································98Eosinophil Count嗜酸性粒细胞计数···························98Epinephrine，Plasma肾上腺素，血浆···························· 100Epstein-Barr Virus SerologyEB 病毒血清学（框 15） ·················· 104Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate（ESR，sed rate，sedimentation rate）红细胞沉降率（ESR、沉降率、沉积速率） ··································· 105Erythropoietin（EP）红细胞生成素（EP）······················· 106Estradiol（serum）雌二醇（血清） ····························· 107Estrogen雌激素········································ 107Ethanol（blood）乙醇（血液） ································ 107Extractable Nuclear Antigen（ENA complex，anti-RNP antibody，anti-SM，anti-Smith）可提取核抗原（ENA 复合物，抗 RNP抗体，抗 SM 抗体，抗 Smith 抗体） ···· 108实验室检查 F ················ 109Factor V LeidenV 因子莱登 ·································· 109Fasting Blood Sugar空腹血糖····································· 109FBS ··········································· 109FDP ··········································· 109Fecal Fat，Quantitative（72-hr collection）粪便脂肪，定量（72 h 采集） ··········· 109Fecal Globin Immunochemical Test粪球蛋白免疫化学试验··················· 109Ferritin（serum）铁蛋白（血清） ····························· 110α-1 Fetoproteinα-1 胎蛋白 ································· 110Fibrin Degradation Product（FDP）纤维蛋白降解产物（FDP）··············· 110Fibrinogen纤维蛋白原·································· 110Folate（folic acid）叶酸··········································· 110Follicle-Stimulating Hormone（FSH）促卵泡激素（FSH）························ 113Free T4游离 T4 ······································ 114Free Thyroxine Index游离甲状腺素指数························· 114FTA-ABS（serum）FTA-ABS（血清） ·························· 115Furosemide Stimulation Test速尿激发试验······························· 115实验室检查 G ··············· 116Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase（GGT）γ- 谷氨酰基转移酶（GGT） ············ 116Gastrin（serum）胃泌素（血清） ····························· 116Gastrin Stimulation Test胃泌素刺激试验···························· 116Gliadin Antibodies，IGA and IGG麦醇溶蛋白抗体，IGA 和 IGG ········· 116Glomerular Basement Membrane（GBM）Antibody肾小球基底膜（GBM）抗体 ············ 116Glomerular Filtration Rate肾小球滤过率······························· 117Glucagon胰高血糖素·································· 118Glucose，Fasting（FBS，fasting blood sugar）葡萄糖，空腹（FBS，空腹血糖） ······ 118Glucose，Postprandial葡萄糖，餐后······························· 121Glucose Tolerance Test糖耐量试验·································· 121Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase（G6PD）葡萄糖 -6- 磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD）········ 121γ-Glutamyl Transferase（GGT）γ- 谷氨酰基转移酶（GGT） ············ 121Glycohemoglobin（glycated glycosylated hemoglobin）（HbA1c）糖血红蛋白（糖化血红蛋白）（HbA1c） ···································· 122Growth Hormone生长激素····································· 122Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone（GHRH）生长激素释放激素（GHRH）············ 123Growth Hormone Suppression Test（after glucose）生长激素抑制试验（葡萄糖后） ········ 123实验室检查 H ················ 124Ham Test（acid serum test）哈姆试验（酸化血清溶血试验） ········ 124Haptoglobin（serum）触珠蛋白（血清） ·························· 124HBA1c ······································· 124HDL ·········································· 124Helicobacter Pylori（serology，stool antigen）幽门螺杆菌（血清学，粪便抗原） ····· 124Hematocrit血细胞比容·································· 125Hemoglobin血红蛋白····································· 125Hemoglobin A1c血红蛋白 A1c ······························· 125Hemoglobin Electrophoresis血红蛋白电泳······························· 125Hemoglobin，Glycated血红蛋白，糖化···························· 125Hemoglobin，Glycosylated血红蛋白，糖基化························· 127Hemoglobin H血红蛋白 H ·································· 128Hemoglobin，Urine血红蛋白，尿液···························· 128Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Antibodies肝素诱导的血小板减少症抗体·········· 128Hepatitis A Antibody甲型肝炎抗体······························· 128Hepatitis A Virus-IgM Antibody甲型肝炎病毒 -IgM 抗体 ················· 131HAV Total AntibodyHAV 总抗体 ································· 131Hepatitis A Viral Infection甲型肝炎病毒感染························· 131Hepatitis B Surface Antigen（HBsAg）乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg） ··········· 131Hepatitis B Viral Infection乙型肝炎病毒感染························· 131Hepatitis C Viral Infection丙型肝炎病毒感染························· 134Hepatitis C RNA丙型肝炎 RNA ······························ 135Hepatitis D Viral Infection丁型肝炎病毒感染························· 135Delta Hepatitis Coinfection（acute HDV1 acute HBV）or Superinfection（acute HDV1 chronic HBV）丁型病毒性肝炎合并感染（急性 HDV1合并急性 HBV 感染）或重叠感染（急性 HDV1 合并慢性 HBV 感染） ···· 136HDV-Ag丁型病毒性肝炎抗原······················ 137HDV-Ab（IgM）丁型病毒性肝炎抗体（IgM） ············ 137HDV-Ab（total）丁型病毒性肝炎抗体（总） ·············· 137Her-2/neu ···································· 137Herpes Simplex Virus（HSV）单纯疱疹病毒（HSV） ···················· 137HFE Screen For Hereditary Hemochromatosis遗传性血色素沉着病 HFE 筛查 ········ 138Heterophil Antibody嗜异性抗体·································· 138High-Density Lipoprotein（HDL）Cholesterol高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇 ········· 138HLA Antigens人类白细胞抗原···························· 139Homocysteine（plasma）同型半胱氨酸（血浆） ···················· 139Human Chorionic Gonadotropin（hCG）人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG） ··········· 140Human Herpes Virus 8（HHV8）人类疱疹病毒 8 型（HHV8） ············ 140Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody，Type 1（HIV-1）人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体，1 型（HIV-1）····141Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Antigen（p24），Qualitative（p24 antigen）人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型（HIV-1）抗原（p24），定性（p24 抗原） ········· 142Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1（HIV-1）Viral Load人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型（HIV-1）病毒载量····································· 143Human Papilloma Virus（HPV）人乳头瘤病毒（HPV） ···················· 143Huntington Disease PCR亨廷顿病 PCR ······························ 144Hydrogen Breath Test氢呼气试验·································· 1445-Hydroxyindole-Acetic Acid，Urine5- 羟基吲哚乙酸，尿液 ·················· 144实验室检查 I ················· 145Immune Complex Assay免疫复合物分析···························· 145Immunoglobulins免疫球蛋白·································· 145Indirect Antiglobulin（Coombs indirect）间接抗球蛋白（间接 Coombs） ········· 151Influenza A and B Tests甲型和乙型流感检测······················ 151Insulin Autoantibodies胰岛素自身抗体···························· 151Insulin，Free胰岛素，游离······························· 152Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1（IGF-1）（Serum）胰岛素样生长因子 -1（IGF-1）（血清） ······································· 152Insulin-Like Growth Factor- Ⅱ胰岛素样生长因子 -2 ····················· 152International Normalized Ratio（INR）国际标准化比（INR） ····················· 152参考 INR 范围 ······························ 152Intrinsic Factor Antibodies内因子抗体·································· 153Iron（Serum）铁（血清） ··································· 153Iron-Binding Capacity，Total（TIBC）总铁结合力（TIBC） ······················ 153Iron Saturation（% transferrin saturation）铁饱和度（% 转铁蛋白饱和度） ········ 154实验室检查 L ················ 155Lactate（blood）乳酸（血液） ································ 155Lactate Dehydrogenase（LDH）乳酸脱氢酶（LDH） ······················· 155Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes乳酸脱氢酶同工酶························· 155Lactose Tolerance Test（serum）乳糖耐量试验（血清） ···················· 156LAP ScoreLAP 评分 ···································· 158Lead铅·············································· 158LDH ·········································· 158LDL ··········································· 159Legionella Pneumophila PCR嗜肺军团菌 PCR ··························· 159Legionella Titer军团菌滴度·································· 159Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase（LAP）白细胞碱性磷酸酶（LAP） ·············· 159Leukocyte Count白细胞计数·································· 159Lipase脂肪酶········································ 159Lipoprotein（a）脂蛋白（a） ·································· 160Lipoprotein Cholesterol，High-Density脂蛋白胆固醇，高密度··················· 160Lipoprotein Cholesterol，Low-Density脂蛋白胆固醇，低密度··················· 160Liver Kidney Microsome Type 1 Antibodies（LKM1）肝肾微粒体 1 型抗体（LKM 1） ········ 160LKM1 ········································ 162Low-Density Lipoprotein（LDL）Cholesterol低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇 ·········· 162Lupus Anticoagulant狼疮抗凝物·································· 162Luteinizing Hormone黄体生成素·································· 163Lyme Disease Antibody Titer莱姆病抗体滴度···························· 163Lymphocytes淋巴细胞····································· 164实验室检查 M ··············· 168Magnesium（serum）镁（血清） ··································· 168Mean Corpuscular Volume（MCV）平均红细胞体积（MCV） ················ 171Metanephrines，Urine甲氧基肾上腺素，尿液··················· 176Methylmalonic Acid（serum）甲基丙二酸（血清） ······················· 176Mitochondrial Antibody（AMA）线粒体抗体（AMA） ······················ 176Monocyte Count单核细胞计数······························· 176Mycoplasma Pneumoniae PCR肺炎支原体 PCR ··························· 177Myelin Basic Protein，Cerebrospinal Fluid髓鞘碱性蛋白，脑脊液··················· 177Myoglobin，Urine肌红蛋白，尿液···························· 177实验室检查 N ················ 178Neisseria Gonorrhoeae PCR淋球菌 PCR ································· 178Neutrophil Count中性粒细胞计数···························· 178Norepinephrine去甲肾上腺素······························· 1825′-Nucleotidase5- 核苷酸酶 ································· 182实验室检查 O ··············· 183Osmolality（serum）渗透压（血清） ····························· 183Osmolality，Urine渗透压，尿液······························· 184Osmotic Fragility Test渗透脆性试验······························· 185实验室检查 P ················ 187Paracentesis Fluid穿刺液········································ 187Parathyroid Hormone（PTH）甲状旁腺激素（PTH） ···················· 187Parietal Cell Antibodies抗胃壁细胞抗体···························· 190Partial Thromboplastin Time（PTT），Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time（APTT）部分促凝血酶原时间（PTT），活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT） ··························190Pepsinogen Ⅰ胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ······························· 190pH，BloodpH，血液 ···································· 191pH，UrinepH，尿液 ···································· 191Phenobarbital苯巴比妥····································· 191Phenytoin（Dilantin）苯妥英（狄兰汀） ·························· 191Phosphatase，Acid磷酸酶，酸性······························· 191Phosphatase，Alkaline磷酸酶，碱性······························· 191Phosphate（serum）磷酸盐（血清） ····························· 191Plasminogen纤溶酶原····································· 192Platelet Aggregation血小板聚集·································· 192Platelet Antibodies血小板抗体·································· 196Platelet Count血小板计数·································· 196Platelet Function Analysis 100 Assay（PFA）血小板功能分析（PFA-100 法） ········ 203Pleural Fluid胸腔积液····································· 204Potassium（serum）钾（血清） ··································· 205Potassium，Urine钾，尿液····································· 212Procainamide普鲁卡因胺·································· 212Progesterone（serum）黄体酮（血清） ····························· 212Prolactin催乳素········································ 213Prostate-Specific Antigen（PSA）前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）··············· 214Prostatic Acid Phosphatase前列腺酸性磷酸酶························· 215Protein（serum）蛋白（血清） ································ 215Protein C Assay蛋白质 C 测定 ······························ 215Protein Electrophoresis（serum）蛋白电泳（血清） ·························· 216Protein S Assay蛋白质 S 测定 ······························ 217Prothrombin Time（PT）凝血酶原时间（PT）······················· 217Protoporphyrin（Free erythrocyte）原卟啉（游离红细胞） ···················· 220PSA ··········································· 220PT ············································· 220PTH ··········································· 220PTT ··········································· 220实验室检查 R ················ 221Rapid Plasma Reagin（RPR）快速血浆反应素（RPR） ················· 221RDW ·········································· 221Red Blood Cell（RBC）Count红细胞（RBC）计数······················ 221Red Blood Cell Distribution Width（RDW）红细胞分布宽度（RDW） ················ 221Red Blood Cell Folate红细胞叶酸·································· 222Red Blood Cell Mass（volume）红细胞总量（体积） ······················· 222Red Blood Cell Morphology红细胞形态·································· 223Renin（serum）肾素（血清） ································ 227Respiratory Syncytial Virus（RSV）Screen呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）筛查 ·········· 227Reticulocyte Count网织红细胞计数···························· 227Rheumatoid Factor类风湿因子·································· 230RNP ··········································· 231RPR ··········································· 231Rotavirus Serology轮状病毒血清学···························· 231实验室检查 S ················ 232SED RateSED 率 ······································· 232Sedimentation Rate沉降速度····································· 232Semen Analysis精液分析····································· 232SGOT ········································· 232SGPT ········································· 232Sickle Cell Test镰状细胞试验······························· 233Smooth Muscle Antibody平滑肌抗体·································· 233Sodium（serum）钠（血清） ··································· 233Streptozyme链球菌酶····································· 238Sucrose Hemolysis Test（sugar water test）蔗糖溶血试验（糖水试验） ·············· 238Sudan Ⅲ Stain（qualitative screening for fecal fat）苏丹Ⅲ染色法（粪便脂肪定性筛查） ··· 238Synovial Fluid Analysis滑液分析····································· 238实验室检查 T ················ 241T3（triiodothyroine）T3（三碘甲腺原氨酸） ···················· 241T3 Resin Uptake（T3RU）T3 树脂摄取（T3RU） ···················· 242T4，Free（free thyroxine）T4，游离（游离甲状腺素） ·············· 242T4，Serum T4T4，血清 T4 ································ 242Tegretol得理多········································ 243Testosterone（total testosterone）睾酮（总睾酮） ····························· 244Theophylline茶碱··········································· 245Thoracentesis Fluid胸腔穿刺液·································· 245Thrombin Time（TT），Thrombin Clotting Time（TCT）凝血酶时间（TT），凝血酶凝血时间（TCT） ······································· 246Thyroglobulin甲状腺球蛋白······························· 246Thyrodi Microsomal Antibodies甲状腺微粒体抗体························· 247Thyrod-Stimulating Hormone（TSH）促甲状腺激素（TSH） ···················· 247Thyrotropin（TSH）Receptor Antibodies促甲状腺激素（TSH）受体抗体 ······· 250Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone（TRH）Stimulation Test促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRH）兴奋试验····································· 250Thyroxine（T4）甲状腺素（T4） ····························· 250TIBC ·········································· 250Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody组织转谷氨酰胺酶抗体··················· 250Transferrin转铁蛋白····································· 250Triglycerides甘油三酯····································· 251Triiodothyronine三碘甲腺原氨酸···························· 251Troponins（serum）肌钙蛋白（血清） ·························· 251TSH ··········································· 252TT ············································· 252Tuberculin Test（PPD）结核菌素试验（PPD）····················· 252实验室检查 U ················ 254Unconjugated Bilirubin非结合胆红素······························· 254Urea Nitrogen（BUN）尿素氮，血液（BUN） ···················· 254Uric Acid（serum）尿酸（血清） ································ 254Urinalysis尿液分析····································· 255Urine Amylase尿淀粉酶····································· 255Urine Bile尿胆汁········································ 259Urine Calcium尿钙··········································· 259Urine cAMP尿 cAMP ····································· 260Urine Catecholamines尿儿茶酚胺·································· 260Urine Chloride尿氯化物····································· 260Urine Copper尿铜··········································· 260Urine Cortisol，Free尿皮质醇，游离···························· 260Urine Creatinine（24 hr）尿肌酐（24 h） ······························ 261Urine Crystals尿结晶········································ 261Urine Eosinophils尿嗜酸性粒细胞···························· 261Urine Glucose（qualitative）尿糖（定量） ································ 261Urine Hemoglobin，Free尿血红蛋白，游离························· 261Urine Hemosiderin尿含铁血黄素······························· 261Urine 5-Hydroxyindole-Acetic Acid（urine 5-HIAA）尿 5- 羟基吲哚乙酸（尿 5-HIAA） ····· 262Urine Indican尿糖苷········································ 263Urine Ketones（semiquantitative）尿酮（半定量） ····························· 263Urine Metanephrines尿甲氧基肾上腺素························· 263Urine Myoglobin尿肌红蛋白·································· 263Urine Nitrite尿亚硝酸盐·································· 265Urine Occult Blood尿隐血········································ 265Urine Osmolality尿渗透压····································· 265Urine pH尿 pH ········································· 265Urine Phosphate尿磷酸盐····································· 265Urine Potassium尿钾··········································· 266Urine Protein（quantitative）尿蛋白（定量） ····························· 266Urine Sediment尿沉渣········································ 267Urine Sodium（quantitative）尿钠（定量） ································ 267Urine Specific Gravity尿比重········································ 268Urine Vanillylmandelic Acid（VMA）尿香草扁桃酸（VMA） ··················· 273实验室检查 V ················ 274Varicella-Zoster Virus（VZV）Serology水痘＿带状疱疹病毒（VZV）血清学···· 274Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide（VIP）血管活性肠肽（VIP） ····················· 274VDRL ········································ 274Viscosity（serum）黏度（血清） ································ 275Vitamin B12（cobalamin）维生素 B12（钴胺素） ···················· 276Vitamin D，1，25 Dihydroxy Calciferol维生素 D，1，25- 二羟基钙化醇 ········ 278Vitamin K维生素 K ····································· 279Von Willebrand Factor血管性血友病因子························· 280