高电压技术(第3版)

绪论 ······················································· 1
阅读材料0-1 ······································· 5
阅读材料0-2 ······································· 9
第1章 气体的绝缘强度 ······················ 13
1.1 气体放电的基本物理过程 ·············· 14
1.1.1 气体中带电质点的产生和消失 ······························· 14
1.1.2 汤森理论和帕邢定律 ·········· 17
1.1.3 流注理论 ························· 20
1.1.4 不均匀电场中的放电过程 ···· 22
1.1.5 冲击电压下气体间隙的击穿特性 ························· 26
1.2 影响气体放电电压的因素 ·············· 31
1.2.1 电场形式对放电电压的影响 ······························· 31
1.2.2 电压波形对击穿电压的影响 ······························· 32
1.2.3 气体的性质和状态对放电电压的影响 ······················ 34
1.3 沿面放电 ··································· 38
1.3.1 沿面放电的物理过程 ·········· 38
1.3.2 影响沿面放电电压的因素 ···· 40
1.3.3 影响绝缘子污闪的因素 ······· 45
1.3.4 污闪事故的对策 ················ 49
本章小结 ········································· 51
阅读材料1-1 ····································· 52
习题 ··············································· 52
第2章 液体和固体介质的绝缘强度 ···· 56
2.1 介质的极化、电导和损耗 ·············· 57
2.1.1 电介质的极化 ··················· 57
阅读材料2-1 ····································· 60
2.1.2 电介质的电导 ···················· 63
2.1.3 电介质的损耗 ···················· 65
2.2 液体介质的击穿 ·························· 69
2.2.1 液体介质的击穿机理 ··········· 69
2.2.2 影响液体介质击穿的因素和
改进措施 ·························· 69
2.3 固体介质的击穿 ·························· 72
2.3.1 固体介质的击穿机理 ··········· 72
2.3.2 影响固体介质击穿的因素和改进措施 ·························· 73
2.4 绝缘介质的其他特性 ···················· 75
2.4.1 热性能 ····························· 75
2.4.2 机械性能 ·························· 76
2.4.3 吸潮性能 ·························· 76
2.4.4 生化性能 ·························· 76
本章小结 ·········································· 76
阅读材料2-2 ····································· 77
习题 ················································ 77
第3章 电气设备的绝缘试验 ··············· 79
3.1 绝缘试验分类 ····························· 80
3.2 绝缘电阻及吸收比的测量 ·············· 81
3.2.1 绝缘电阻的测量 ················· 81
3.2.2 吸收比的测量 ···················· 82
3.2.3 测量绝缘电阻的规定 ··········· 83
3.2.4 影响测量绝缘电阻的因素 ····· 83
3.3 直流泄漏电流的测量 ···················· 84
3.3.1 试验接线 ·························· 84
3.3.2 影响测量泄漏电流的因素 ····· 85
3.4 介质损耗角正切tan?的测量 ·········· 86
3.4.1 测量介质损耗角正切tan?的意义及适用范围 ················· 86
3.4.2 西林电桥的基本原理 ··········· 87
3.4.3 影响tan?测量的因素 ·········· 88
3.5 局部放电的测量 ·························· 89
3.5.1 局部放电的物理过程 ·········· 89
3.5.2 局部放电的测量原理及其主要参数 ························· 89
3.5.3 局部放电的测量方法 ·········· 91
3.5.4 局部放电测量中的抗干扰措施 ······························· 92
3.5.5 测试结果的分析与评定 ······· 93
3.6 绝缘油的气相色谱分析 ················· 93
3.6.1 充油电气设备内部产生气体 ······························· 93
3.6.2 气相色谱分析简介 ············· 94
3.7 交流耐压试验 ····························· 96
3.7.1 交流高压试验设备概述 ······· 96
3.7.2 工频高压试验原理 ············· 98
3.7.3 串级高压试验变压器 ·········· 99
3.7.4 工频高压的测量 ··············· 102
3.7.5 操作规定 ························ 104
3.7.6 交流耐压试验注意事项 ······ 105
3.7.7 试验结果分析 ·················· 105
3.8 直流耐压试验 ···························· 106
3.8.1 直流高压的产生 ··············· 106
3.8.2 直流耐压试验的特点 ·········· 107
3.8.3 直流高压的测量 ··············· 108
3.8.4 直流耐压试验注意事项 ······ 110
3.9 绝缘试验的主要项目及其特点 ······· 111
3.9.1 绝缘试验的主要项目 ········· 111
3.9.2 绝缘试验项目的特点 ········· 112
3.10 绝缘在线监测 ·························· 113
3.10.1 绝缘在线监测技术现状 ····· 113
3.10.2 红外监测的利用 ·············· 113
3.11 试验记录、试验报告及试验结果分析 ······································ 114
本章小结 ········································ 116
阅读材料3-1 ···································· 116
阅读材料3-2 ···································· 118
习题 ·············································· 120
第4章 线路和绕组中的波过程 ·········· 123
4.1 均匀无损单导线中的波过程 ········· 124
4.1.1 波传播的物理概念 ············ 124
4.1.2 波动方程 ························ 126
4.1.3 波阻抗与电阻的区别 ········· 128
4.2 行波的折射和反射 ····················· 128
4.2.1 折射、反射系数 ··············· 128
4.2.2 几种特殊条件下的折、 反射 ······························ 130
4.2.3 彼德森法则 ····················· 133
4.3 无穷长直角波通过串联电感和并联电容 ································· 134
4.3.1 无穷长直角波通过串联电感 ······························ 134
4.3.2 无穷长直角波通过并联电容 ······························ 135
4.4 行波的多次折、反射 ·················· 137
4.5 无损平行多导线系统中的波过程 ··· 140
4.6 波在传播过程中的衰减与畸变 ······ 144
4.7 变压器绕组中的波过程 ··············· 146
4.7.1 单相变压器绕组中的波过程 ··························· 146
4.7.2 三相变压器绕组中的波过程 ··························· 150
4.7.3 冲击电压在绕组之间的传递 ······························ 152
4.8 旋转电机绕组中的波过程 ············ 153
本章小结 ········································ 154
阅读材料4-1 ··································· 155
习题 ·············································· 156

附表A 球隙放电标准1(IEC 1960年公布) ················· 293
附表B 球隙放电标准2(IEC 1960年公布) ················· 295
附表C 国外一些高电压实验机构的主要特性参数 ······················ 297
附表D 国内一些高电压实验机构的主要特性参数 ······················ 298
参考文献 ············································· 299