土力学(第2版)

绪论(Introduction)

**章土的物理质及分类(Physical Properties of Soil
and Soil Classification)
1.1概述(Introduction)

1.2土的形成(Soil Formation)

1.2.1风化作用(Weathering)

1.2.2搬运与沉积(Transportation and Sedimentation)

1.3土的组成(Coition of Soil)

1.3.1固体颗粒(Solid Particle)

1.3.2土中水(Water in Soil)

1.3.3土中气(Air in Soil)

1.4土的结构与构造(Soil Fabric and Soil Structure)

1.4.1土的结构(Soil Fabric)

1.4.2土的构造(Soil Structure)

1.5土的物理质指标(Physical Property Indexes of Soil)

1.5.1基本指标(Basic Indexes)

1.5.2换算指标(Converted Indexes)

1.5.3指标之间的换算(Relationships between Indexes)

1.6土的物理状态指标(Physical State Indexes of Soil)

1.6.1无黏土的对密度(Relative Density of Cohesionless Soil)

1.6.2黏土的界含水及状态指标(Boundary Water Contents and
State Indexes of Cohesive Soil)

1.7土的分类(Soil Classification)

1.7.1土的分类原则(Principles of Soil Classification)

1.7.2《土的工程分类标准》的分类(Classification of Standard for
Engineering Classification of Soil)

1.7.3《建筑地基基础设计规范》的分类(Classification of Code for
Design of Building Foundation)

1.8土的压实(Soil Compaction)

1.8.1黏土的压实(Compaction of Cohesive Soil)

1.8.2无黏土的压实(Compaction of Cohesionless Soil)

思考题（Thinking estions）

习题（Exercises）

第2章土中应力(Stresses in Soil)

2.1概述(Introduction)

2.2应力、应变和土的弹变形(Stresses, Strains and Elastic
Deformation of Soil)

2.2.1应力(Stresses)

2.2.2应变(Strains)

2.2.3胡克定律(Hookes Law)

2.3有效应力原理(The Principle of Effective Stress)

2.4土的自重应力(Stresses Due to SelfWeight of Soil)

2.4.1竖向自重应力(Vertical Stress Due to SelfWeight of Soil)

2.4.2水平自重应力(Horizontal Stress Due to SelfWeight of Soil)

2.5基底压力(Contact Pressure under Foundations)

2.5.1柔基础与刚基础的基底压力分布(Contact Pressure Distribution
under Flexible Foundations and Rigid Foundations)

2.5.2基底压力的简化计算(Simplified Calculation of
Contact Pressure)

2.5.3基底附加压力(Additional Pressure under Foundations)

2.6地基附加应力(Additional Stresses in Soil)

2.6.1集中力作用下的地基附加应力(Additional Stresses
in Soil Due to a Point Load)

2.6.2分布荷载作用下的地基附加应力(Additional Stresses in
Soil Due to Distributed Loads)

2.6.3平面应变问题的地基附加应力(Additional Stresses in
Soil under Plain Strain Condition)

思考题（Thinking estions）

习题（Exercises）

第3章土的渗透与渗流(PermeabiliyndFlw of
Water through Soil)
3.1概述(Introduction)

3.2土的渗透规律(Law for Flow of Water through Soil)

3.2.1水头与水力梯度(Head and Hydraulic Gradient)

3.2.2达西渗透定律(Darcys Law)

3.2.3渗透系数的测定(Determination of the Coefficient
of Permeability)

3.2.4影响渗透系数的因素(Factors Affecting the Coefficient of
Permeability)

3.2.5层状地基的等效渗透系数(The Equivalent Permeability of
Stratified Soil)

3.3渗透力及渗透破坏(Seepage Force and Seepage Failure)

3.3.1渗透力(Seepage Force)

3.3.2渗透破坏(Seepage Failure)

3.4二维渗流与流网(TwoDimensional Flow and Flow Nets)

3.4.1二维稳定渗流场的拉普拉斯方程(Laplaces Equation for
TwoDimensional Steady Flow)

3.4.2流网及其应用(Flow Nets and Their Application)

3.4.3各向异土体的流网(Flow Nets for Anisotropic Soil)

思考题（Thinking estions）

习题（Exercises）

第4章土的一维压缩与固结(OneDimensional Compression and
Consolidation of Soil)
4.1概述(Introduction)

4.2土的一维压缩特及压缩指标(Characteristics of OneDimensional
Compressibility of Soil and Compressibility Parameters)

4.2.1侧限压缩试验(Laterally Confined Compression Test)

4.2.2压缩指标(Compressibility Parameters)

4.2.3应力历史对土的压缩的影响(Effects of Stress History
on Soil Compressibility)

4.3地基沉降量的计算(Settlement Calculation)

4.3.1均质薄土层的一维压缩计算(Calculation of OneDimensional
Compression of a Uniform Thin Layer of Soil)

4.3.2地基沉降量计算的分层总和法(Splitting Summation Method
for Settlement Calculation)

4.4饱和土的渗流固结(Seepage Consolidation of Saturated Soil)

4.4.1饱和土的渗流固结模型(Seepage Consolidation Model of
Saturated Soil)

4.4.2太沙基维渗固结理论(OneDimensional Seepage
Consolidation Theory of Terzaghi)

4.5固结系数的确定方法(Determination of the Coefficient
of Consolidation)

4.5.1时间平方根法(The Root Time Method)

4.5.2时间对数法(The Log Time Method)

4.6黏土的次固结沉降(Secondary Consolidation of Clay)

思考题（Thinking estions）

习题（Exercises）


第5章土的剪切状和抗剪强度(Shear Behavior and Shear Strength
of Soil)
5.1概述(Introduction)

5.2排水条件下土的典型剪切状(Typical Shear Behavior of Soil
under Drained Condition)

5.2.1剪应力作用下土的典型状(Typical Behavior of Soil to
Shearing Stress)

5.2.2法向有效应力对土的剪切状的影响(Effect of Normal
Effective Stress on Shear Behavior of Soil)

5.3土的抗剪强度理论(Theory of Shear Strength of Soil)

5.3.1库仑公式及抗剪强度指标(Coulombs Law and Shear
Strength Parameters)

5.3.2莫尔库仑强度理论(MohrCoulomb Strength Theory)

5.3.3土的极限平衡状态(Limit Equilibrium State of Soil)

5.4土的剪切试验(Shear Tests of Soil)

5.4.1直接剪切试验(Direct Shear Test)

5.4.2常规三轴试验(Conventional Triaxial Test)

5.4.3侧抗压强度试验(Unconfined Compression Test)

5.4.4十字板剪切试验(Vane Shear Test)

5.4.5试验方法(Other Test Methods)

5.5常规三轴试验中土的等向压缩状和剪切状(Isotropic Compression
and Shear Behavior of Soil in Conventional Triaxial Tests)

5.5.1三轴应力条件下的孔隙压力系数(Pore Pressure Coefficients
under the Triaxial Stress Condition)

5.5.2常规三轴压缩试验的应力路径(Stress Paths in Conventional
Triaxial Compression Tests)

5.5.3常规三轴试验中土的等向压缩状(Isotropic Compression
Behavior of Soil in Conventional Triaxial Tests)

5.5.4常规三轴压缩试验中砂土的剪切状(Shear Behavior of Sand in
Conventional Triaxial Compression Tests)

5.5.5常规三轴压缩试验中黏土的剪切状(Shear Behavior of Clay in
Conventional Triaxial Compression Tests)

思考题（Thinking estions）

习题（Exercises）

第6章土的临界状态和本构模型(Concept of the Critical State
and Constitutive Models of Soil)
6.1概述(Introduction)

6.2土的临界状态(Concept of the Critical State of Soil)

6.2.1临界状态的定义(Definition of the Critical State)

6.2.2基于临界状态的黏土行为预测(Prediction of Clay Behavior
Based on the Concept of the Critical State)

6.3弹塑模型及塑理论基础(ElastoPlastic Models and
Basic Concepts of Plastic Theory)

6.3.1弹塑模型(ElastoPlastic Models)

6.3.2塑理论基础(Basic Concepts of Plastic Theory)

6.4剑桥黏土模型(CamClay Models)

6.4.1原始剑桥黏土模型(The Original CamClay Model)

6.4.2修正剑桥黏土模型(The Modified CamClay Model)

6.5与状态相关的剪胀砂土模型(A Sand Model with
StateDependent Dilatancy)

6.5.1与状态相关的剪胀(StateDependent Dilatancy)

6.5.2三轴应力空间简化砂土模型(A Simplified Sand Model
in the Triaxial Stress Space)

思考题（Thinking estions）

习题（Exercises）

第7章非饱和土的基本状(Fundamental Behavior of
Unsaturated Soil)
7.1概述(Introduction)

7.2毛细作用和吸力(Capillarity and Suction)

7.2.1收缩膜和表面张力(Contractile S nd Surface Tension)

7.2.2毛细作用(Capillarity)

7.2.3吸力(Suction)

7.3非饱和土的应力状态变量(Stres S Variable for Unsaturated Soil)

7.3.1非饱和土有效应力变量(Effective Stress Variable for
Unsaturated Soil)

7.3.2双独立应力状态变量(Two Independent Stres S Variables)

7.4非饱和土的水力特(Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Soil)

7.4.1非饱和土的持水特(Retention Properties of Unsaturated Soil)

7.4.2非饱和土的渗流规律及渗透特(Flow Law and Seepage Properties
of Unsaturated Soil)

7.5非饱和土的变形状(Deformation Behavior of Unsaturated Soil)

7.5.1吸力对非饱和土变形状的影响(Effect of Suction on Deformation
Behavior of Unsaturated Soil)

7.5.2非饱和土变形的弹理论(Elasticity Theory for Deformations of
Unsaturated Soil)

7.6非饱和土的抗剪强度特(Shear Strength Properties of Unsaturated Soil)

7.6.1吸力对抗剪强度的贡献(Contribution of Suction to Shear
Strength)

7.6.2非饱和土抗剪强度理论(Shear Strength Theory for
Unsaturated Soil)

思考题(Thinking estions)

习题(Exercises)

第8章土压力理论(Earth Pressure Theories)

8.1概述(Introduction)

8.2挡土结构及土压力(Retaining Structures and Earth Pressures)

8.2.1挡土结构的类型(Types of Retaining Structure)

8.2.2土压力类型(Types of Earth Pressure)

8.2.3土压力理论(Earth Pressure Theories)

8.3静止土压力的计算(Calculation of the Earth Pressure at Rest)

8.4朗肯土压力理论(Rankines Earth Pressure Theory)

8.4.1朗肯主动土压力(Rankines Active Earth Pressure)

8.4.2朗肯被动土压力(Rankines Passive Earth Pressure)

8.5库仑土压力理论(Coulombs Earth Pressure Theory)

8.5.1库仑主动土压力(Coulombs Active Earth Pressure)

8.5.2库仑被动土压力(Coulombs Passive Earth Pressure)

8.5.3黏土的库仑土压力(Coulombs Earth Pressure
for Cohesive Soil)

8.6朗肯与库仑土压力理论的比较(Comparison between Rankines and
Coulombs Earth Pressure Theories)

8.7几种常见情况下的土压力计算(Earth Pressure Calculation
in Several Common Situations)

8.7.1作用均布荷载时(Effect of UniformlyDistributed Loads)

8.7.2墙后土体分层(Effect of Layered Backfills)

8.7.3有地下水作用(Effect of Ground Water)

思考题（Thinking estions）

习题（Exercises）

第9章土坡稳定分析(Stability Analysis of Soil Slopes)

9.1概述(Introduction)

9.2无黏土坡稳定分析(Stability Analysis of Cohesionless Slopes)

9.2.1无渗流作用时的无黏土坡(Cohesionless Soil Slopes
without Seepage)

9.2.2有渗流作用时的无黏土坡(Cohesionless Soil Slopes under
Seepage Condition)

9.3黏土坡稳定分析(Stability Analysis of Cohesive Slopes)

9.3.1整体圆弧滑动法(The Circular Slip Surface Method)

9.3.2条分法(The Slices Method)

9.4黏土坡稳定分析的方法(Other Methods for Stability
Analysis of Cohesive Slopes)

9.4.1稳定数法(The Stability Number Method)

9.4.2不平衡推力法(The Imbalance Thrust Force Method)

思考题（Thinking estions）

习题（Exercises）

0章地基承载力(Bearing Capacity of Foundation Soil)

10.1概述(Introduction)

10.2地基破坏模式(Failure Modes of Foundation Soil)

10.2.1整体剪切破坏(General Shear Failure)

10.2.2局部剪切破坏(Local Shear Failure)

10.2.3冲切破坏(Punching Shear Failure)

10.3地基临塑荷载和临界荷载(The Critical Edge Pressure and the
Critical Pressure of Foundation Soil)

10.3.1塑区边界方程的推导(Derivation of the Boundary Equation
of Plastic Zone)

10.3.2临塑荷载及临界荷载(The Critical Edge Pressure and
the Critical Pressure)

10.4地基极限承载力(The Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Foundation Soil)

10.4.1普朗德尔瑞斯纳公式(PrandtlReissners Equation)

10.4.2太沙基公式(Terzaghis Equation)

10.4.3汉森公式(Hansens Equation)

10.4.4地基承载力的安全度(Factor of Safety for Bearing Capacity
of Foundation Soil)

思考题（Thinking estions）

习题（Exercises）

附录A常用术语符号表(Notations)

附录B习题参考(Reference Answers)

参考文献(References)