包邮乔姆斯基:思想与理想(第二版)(影印)

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作者：内尔·史密斯 (Neil Smith)

出版社：中国人民大学出版社

本类榜单：社会科学

所属丛书：国外语言学与应用语言学人大版影印文库

分类：社会科学 > 语言文字

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ISBN：9787300099750
装帧：暂无
册数：暂无
重量：暂无
开本：16
页数：282 页
出版时间：2009-01-01
条形码：9787300099750 ; 978-7-300-09975-0

Preface to the second editionAcknowledgments for the first editionIntroductionChomsky's achievementOn heroes and influences1 The mirror Of the mindLinguistics as a scienceThe nature of idealizationCommon senseModularityDouble dissociationModules and quasi-modulesIntelligence and "learning"Competence and performanceCompetence and grammarRulesI-language and E-languagePerformance, parsing, and pragmaticsParsing considerationsPragmatic considerationsCompetence and performance versus I-language and E-languageEvolution and innatenessLanguage acquisitionPoverty of the stimulusWord meaningUniversalsNatural language and the language of thoughtSummary2 The linguistic foundationIntroductionKnowledge of languageThe lexiconKnowledge of structureKnowledge of structural relationsLevels of representationConstituents and rulesDeep structureDescription versus explanationFrom rules of principlesThe elimination of PS rulesX-bar theoryGovernment and Binding theoryBinding theoryLocalityTheta theoryCase theory and governmentEmpty categoriesThe status of transformationsPrinciples and parametersLexical and functional categoriesMinimalismEconomyThe elements of MinimalismPerfect syntaxA historical progressionEvolutionPsychological realityCausality and observabilityPsychological reality and the nature of evidenceIntuitionsLanguage processingThe derivational theory of complexityGrammars and parsersParsing problemsEconomyLanguage acquisition (Plato's problem)Teaching versus learningLearning versus growingParameter settingThe critical period hypothesisMaturationLanguage pathologyAgenesis of the corpus callosumThe polyglot savantSpecific language impairment (SLI)Connectionism: the behaviorists strike backPhilosophical realism: commitments and controversiesCommitmentsRealismI-language revisitedRepresentation and computationNaturalismMentalismTacit knowledgeThe mind-body problemControversiesLanguage and the worldLanguage and the communityLanguage and the individualProblems of semanticsInnatenessUnification and reductionConclusionsLanguage and freedomExplanation and dissent: the common threadsRelentless dissentCommon sense and theoryRationality, modularity, and creativityRationalityModularityMalleability and plasticityCreativityThe anarchist backgroundThe EncyclopefistesThe critique of (American) foreign policyVietnamEast Timor9-11: terrorism and the "war on terror"The critique of domestic policyPig farming in HaitiDrug traffickingThe critique of media controlMurderThird world electionsThe treason of the intellectualsThe technique of dissectionThe exposure of warped perspectiveThe exposure of suppressed precursor eventsThe exposure of debased languageMoral absolutes and options for the futureThe Faudsson affairIslamic fundamentalismAuthorityThe positive programConclusionEnvoiNotesBibliographyIndex

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In this rigorous yet accessible account of Chomsky ' s work and influence, Nell Smith analyses Chomsky' s key contributions to the study of language and the study of mind He gives a ~led" and partly historical exposition of Chomsky ' s linguistic theorizing, and examines the ideas （such as deep and surface structure） for which he is best known. Smith discusses the psychological and philosophical implications of Chomsky s work, and gues that he has fundamentally changed the way we think of ourselves, gaining a position in the history of ideas on a par with that of Darwin or Descartes. Finally, he examines Chomsky' s political ideas and how these fit intellectually with his scholarly work. Smith argues that, despite Chomsky ' s own disavowal of any very close connection, there are fundamental ideas of rationality, creativity and modularity that draw together the disparate strands of his vast output. Throughout, Smith explores the controversy surrounding Chomsky's work, and explains why he has been both adulated and vilified.This second edition has been thoroughly updated and revised to account for Chomsky's most recent work, including his continued contributions to linguistics （in particular new developments in the Minimalist Program）, his further discussion on evolution, and his extensive work on the events of September 11,2001 and their aftermath. The bibliography and notes have been expanded to account for the rapidly growing secondary literature on Chomsky's work, as well as the many new works by Chomsky himself. It will be welcomed by students and researchers across the disciplines of linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science and politics, and anyone with an interest in the impact of Chomsky's work.

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Katz's answer is straightforward: he claims that the properties of the psy- chological constructs postulated by linguists entail that they must be treated as abstract objects, and Chomsky's failure to acknowledge this results in the whole of his framework being called into question. The reason for this rather dramatic conclusion is that as abstract objects by hypothesis have no causal powers, and Chomsky's theory deals with causal entities, there is an unbridge- able gap between the phenomena to be explained and the devices postulated to explain them.46There are two reasons why one could conclude that the objection is not cogent. First, we have seen that Chomsky is committed to representationalism, and although abstract objects themselves may not have causal powers, representa- tions of abstract objects by an organism may indeed have causal powers. Second, Chomsky's notion of I-language anyway renders it immune to Katz's claims. Part of Katz's discussion revolves around the mathematical properties of the set of sentences that constitute a natural language: is this set denumerably infinite or is it non-denumerably infinite？As Alexander George has documented, the argument that languages are non-denumerably infinite is flawed.48 But even if it was not, there would be no serious implication for Chomsky's position, because the argument presupposes a view of （E-）language that he has explicitly repudi- ated: language for him is I-language, a state of the mind-brain, and not a set of sentences. His claim is stronger than Katz and others seem to realize: the issue of denumerability is irrelevant, because the conception of a language as consist- ing of a set of sentences is incoherent in the absence of some indication of how that set is generated, and this is feasible only in terms of procedures which are parasitic on I-language. Katz is aware of the I-language/E-language distinction, but he appears to ascribe comparable status to both,49 writing that "although theorie

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