包邮物理和化学常数表

p;Prefacetothesixteenthedition
Extractfromprefacetofirstedition
MembersoftheEditorialBoard
Contributors
Unitsandfundamentalconstants
1.1Units
1.1.1Theinternationalsystemofunits(SI)
1.1.2RealizationofSIunits
1.1.3RelationsbetweenSIandotherunits
1.1.4Standardspecificationsforunitsandquantities
1.1.5Uncertaintyofprimarystandards
1.2Fundamentalphysicalconstants
1.2.1Speedofelectromagneticwaves
1.2.2Theconstantofgravitation
1.2.3Atomicconstants
1.2.4Mathematicalfunctions
Generalphysics
2.1Measurementofmass,pressureandothermechanicalquantities
2.1.1Mass.volumeanddensity
2.1.2Barometry
2.1.3Themeasurementofhighpressures.
2.1.4Hygrometry
2.2Mechanicalpropertiesofmaterials
2.2.1Densities
2.2.2Elasticitiesandstrengths
2.2.3Viscosities
2.2.4Meanvelocity,freepathandsizeofmolecules
2.2.5Surfacetensions
2.2.6Moh'sscaleofmineralhardness
2.3Temperatureandheat
2.3.1TheInternationalTemperatureScaleof1990(ITS-90)
2.3.2Thermoelectricthermometry
2.3.3Industrialplatinumresistancethermometry
2.3.4Opticalpyrometry
2.3.5Thermalexpansion
2.3.6Specificheatcapacities
2.3.7Thermalconductivities
2.4Acoustics
2.4.1Thespeedandattenuationofsound
2.4.2Physiologicalandsubjectiveacoustics
2.4.3Preferredfrequenciesforacousticalmeasurements
2.4.4Buildingacoustics
2.4.5Musicalacoustics
2.4.6Medicalultrasonics
2.5Radiationandoptics
2.5.1Theelectromagneticspectrum.
2.5.2Thermalradiation
2.5.3Photometry
2.5.4Colorimetry
2.5.5Wavelengthstandards
2.5.6Laserradiation
2.5.7Refractiveindexofgases
2.5.8Refractiveindexofopticalmaterials
2.5.9Lightreflection
2.5.10Opticalrotation
2.5.11Electro-opticmaterials
2.5.12Propertiesofopticalfibres
2.6Electricityandmagnetism
2.6.1Electricalresistivities
2.6.2Resistancealloysandwireresistances
2.6.3Electricalinsulatingmaterials
2.6.4Superconductivity
2.6.5Dielectricpropertiesofmaterials
2.6.6Magneticpropertiesofmaterials
2.7Astronomyandgeophysics
2.7.1Astronomicalandatomictimesystems
2.7.2Astronomicalunitsandconstants
2.7.3TheSolarSystem
2.7.4PhysicalpropertiesoftheEarth
2.7.5Gravity
2.7.6Geomagnetism
2.7.7Cosmicrays
2.7.8Theatmosphere
2.7.9Physicalpropertiesofseawater
2.7.10Thegeologicaltimescale
Chemistry
3.1Theelements
3.1.1Theperiodictableoftheelementswithatomicnumbers
3.1.2Propertiesoftheelements
3.1.3Abundancesoftheelements
3.1.4CompositionoftheEarth'satmosphere
3.2Propertiesofinorganiccompounds
3.3Propertiesoforganiccompounds
3.4Vapourpressures
3.4.1Vapourpressureofieeattemperaturesbetween-100andOC.
3.4.2Vapourpressureofwaterattemperaturesbetween0and360C
3.4.3Vapourpressuresofsomeliquidsoflowvolatility
3.4.4Vapourpressuresfrom0.2to101.325kPa
3.4.5Vapourpressuresfrom0.2to6MPa
3.5Cn'ticalconstantsandsecondvirialcoefficientsofgases
3.6Propertiesofsolutions
3.6.1Solubilitiesofgasesinwater
3.6.2Solubilitiesofsolidsinwater
3.6.3Densitiespofaqueoussolutions
3.7Propertiesofchemicalbonds
3.7.1Dipolemomentsanddipolelengths
3.7.2Bondlengthsanddissociationenthalpiesofdiatomicmolecules
3.7.3Bondlengthandanglesinpolyatomicmolecules
3.7.4Bond-dissociationenthalpiesinpolyatomicmolecules
3.7.5Atomicradii
3.7.6lonicradii
3.7.7Crystalstructures
3.7.8Atomicspectroscopy
3.8Molecularspectroscopy
3.8.1Nuclearmomentsandmagneticresonance
3.8.2Nmrchemicalshiftsindiamagneticmolecules
3.8.3Nuclearspinrelaxationtime
3.8.4TheMossbauereffect.
3.8.5InfraredandRamanspectrophotometry
3.8.6Massspectrometry
3.8.7UV-visiblespectroscopy
3.9EIectrochemistry
3.9.1Standardsolutionsforcalibratingconductivityvessels
3.9.2Conductivities
3.9.3Standardpotentialsat25C
3.9.4lonizationconstant(molalionicproduct),Kwofwaterat0-60C.
3.9.5pHvalues
3.9.6Activitycoefficients
3.9.7Acidityconstants
3.9.8Solubilityproductsinaqueoussolutions
3.9.9Stabilityconstantsinaqueoussolutions
3.10Chemicalthermodynamics
3.10.1Standardmolarheatcapacitiesandpropertiesofmeltingandevaporationoftheelements
3.10.2Standardmolarheatcapacitiesofsomeinorganicsolids
3.10.3Standardmolarheatcapacitiesofsomegases
3.10.4Cryoscopicandebullioscopicconstantsandenthalpiesoffusionandofevaporation
ofsomecommonsolvents
3.10.5Standardthermodynamicfunctionsforpureinorganicsubstances,foraqueousionsand
forpureorganicsubstances
3.11Miscellaneousdata
3.11.1Propertiesofpolymers
3.11.2Somecharacteristicsofcommongiasses
3.11.3Coolingagents
3.11.4Calorificvaluesofsolid,liquidandgaseousfuels
3.11.5Flammabilityofgasesandvapours
Atomicandnuclearphysics
4.1Electronsinatoms
4.1.1Arrangementofelectronsinatoms
4.1.2lonizationpotentials
4.1.3Augerspectroscopy
4.1.4X-rayphotoemissionspectroscopy
4.2Absorptionofphotons
4.2.1X-rayabsorptionedgescharacteristicX-raylinesandfluorescenceyields
4.2.2Attenuationofphotons
4.3Workfunction
4.4Freeelectronsandionsingases
4.4.1lonicmobility
4.4.2Electronmobility
4.4.3lonicrecombination
4.4.4lonicdiffusion
4.4.5Electrondiffusion
4.4.6Electroncollisions
4.5Absorptionofparticlesanddosimetry
4.5.1Rangeandstoppingpowerofionsinvariousmaterials
4.5.2Attenuationlengthofelectronsinsolids
4.5.3Rangeofelectronsandbetaparticles
4.5.4Radiationquantitiesandunits
4.6Radioactiveelements
4.6.1Tableofnuclides
4.6.2Theradioactiveseriesandtheirprecursors
4.6.3Radioactivesources
4.7Nuclearfissionandfusionandneutroninteractions
4.7.1Nuclearfission
4.7.2Neutroncross-sections
4.7.3Attenuationoffastneutrons:neutronmoderationanddiffusion
4.7.4Nuclearfusion
4.8Nucleiandparticles
4.8.1Sizeofatomicnuclei
4.8.2Rutherfordscattering
4.8.3Magneticandelectrostaticdeflectionofchargedparticles
4.8.4Subatomicparticles
Miscellaneousengineeringdata
5.1Screwthreads
5.2Standardwiresizes
5.3Indentationhardnesstesting
Statisticalmethodsforthetreatmentofexperimentaldata
6.1Statisticalmethodsforthetreatmentofexperimentaldata
laboratorysafety
7.1Noteonlaboratorysafety
ntroductiontoqualityassuranceofmeasurements
8.1Theapproachtoquality
8.2Resources
8.3Themeasurementprocedure
8.4Themeasurement
8.5Monitoringandauditing
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