科技论文写作与发表教程

目　　录
**部分　预备知识　Some Preliminaries
第1章　科技写作内涵　What Is Scientific Writing? 2
1.1　科技写作范畴　The Scope of Scientific Writing 2
1.2　务必清晰　The Need for Clarity 2
1.3　接收信号　Receiving the Signals 3
1.4　理解信号　Understanding the Signals 3
1.5　了解语境　Understanding the Context 3
1.6　科技写作中的结构和语言　Organization and Language in Scientific Writing 3
第2章　科技写作历史　Historical Perspectives 5
2.1　早期历史　The Early History 5
2.2　电子时代　The Electronic Era 6
2.3　IMRAD的由来　The IMRAD Story 7
第3章　科技写作流程　Approaching a Writing Project 9
3.1　调整心态　Establishing the Mindset 9
3.2　认真准备　Preparing to Write 9
3.3　抓紧去写　Doing the Writing 11
3.4　修改完善　Revising Your Work 13
第4章　科技论文内涵　What Is a Scientific Paper? 15
4.1　科技论文定义　Definition of a Scientific Paper 15
4.2　科技论文结构　Organization of a Scientific Paper 17
4.3　科技论文轮廓　Shape of a Scientific Paper 19
4.4　其他研究报告　Other Definitions 19
第5章　论文发表道德规范　Ethics in Scientific Publishing 21
5.1　道德为本　Ethics as a Foundation 21
5.2　真实准确　Authenticity and Accuracy 21
5.3　基于原创　Originality 22
5.4　注明他人贡献　Credit 22
5.5　善待研究对象　Ethical Treatment of Humans and Animals 24
5.6　声明利益冲突　Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest 24
第6章　投稿期刊选择　Where to Submit Your Manuscript 25
6.1　提前做好决定　Why Decide Early, Why Decide Well 25
6.2　知名度与影响力　Prestige and Impact 26
6.3　获取问题　Access 29
6.4　避开掠夺性期刊　Avoiding Predatory Journals 29
6.5　其他考虑因素　Other Factors to Consider 30
6.6　利用《投稿须知》　Using Instructions to Authors 31
第二部分　规划文字　Preparing the Text
第7章　斟酌标题　How to Prepare the Title 34
7.1　标题很重要　Importance of the Title 34
7.2　标题该多长　Length of the Title 34
7.3　措辞要具体　Need for Specific Titles 35
7.4　句法要正确　Importance of Syntax 36
7.5　功能似标记　The Title as a Label 37
7.6　缩写和行话　Abbreviations and Jargon 37
7.7　其他标题格式　More About Title Format 38
第8章　署名与地址　How to List the Authors and Addresses 39
8.1　署名排序　The Order of the Names 39
8.2　署名资格　Definition of Authorship 40
8.3　署名排序实例　Defining the Order: An Example 41
8.4　贡献清单　Specifying Contributions 42
8.5　署名格式　Proper and Consistent Form 42
8.6　通信地址　Listing the Addresses 43
8.7　一种解决方案：ORCID识别码　A Solution: ORCID 44
8.8　通信地址用途　Purposes of the Addresses 45
第9章　撰写摘要　How to Prepare the Abstract 46
9.1　摘要定义　Definition 46
9.2　摘要类型　Types of Abstracts 48
9.3　用字节省　Economy of Words 49
9.4　摘要的摘要　Akin to Abstracts 50
第10章　撰写引言部分　How to Write the Introduction 51
10.1　写作规则　Guidelines 51
10.2　规则成因　Reasons for the Guidelines 53
10.3　例外情况　Exceptions 53
10.4　引注与缩写　Citations and Abbreviations 54
第11章　撰写材料与方法部分 How to Write the Materials and Methods Section 55
11.1　写作目标　Purpose of the Section 55
11.2　材料　Materials 56
11.3　方法　Methods 57
11.4　标题　Headings 57
11.5　测量与分析　Measurements and Analysis 58
11.6　引用参考文献　Need for References 58
11.7　表格与插图　Tables and Figures 58
11.8　确保形式与语法正确　Correct Form and Grammar 59
第12章　撰写结果部分　How to Write the Results 61
12.1　写作内容　Content of the Results 61
12.2　数据处理　How to Handle Numbers 62
12.3　力求清晰　Strive for Clarity 62
12.4　切忌啰唆　Avoid Redundancy 62
12.5　在线补充材料　A Supplement on Supplementary Material Online 63
第13章　撰写讨论部分　How to Write the Discussion 64
13.1　摒弃空话　Discussion and Verbiage 64
13.2　内容要点　Components of the Discussion 65
13.3　揭示相互关系　Factual Relationships 65
13.4　指出优势与不足　Noting Strengths and Limitations 66
13.5　阐释结果的意义　Significance of the Paper 66
13.6　界定结论范围　Defining Scientific Truth 67
第14章　表述致谢　How to State the Acknowledgments 68
14.1　致谢内容　Ingredients of the Acknowledgments 68
14.2　注重礼仪　Being Courteous 68
第15章　引用参考文献　How to Cite the References 70
15.1　要遵循的规则　Rules to Follow 70
15.2　文献管理软件　Electronic Aids to Citation 70
15.3　正文中的引文　Citations in the Text 71
15.4　参考文献体例　Reference Styles 72
15.4.1　著者—出版年制　Name and Year System 72
15.4.2　字母编号制　Alphabet-Number System 73
15.4.3　引用顺序制　Citation Order System 73
15.5　文献题名与起止页码　Titles and Inclusive Pages 74
15.6　刊名缩写　Journal Abbreviations 74
15.7　参考文献体例的一些趋势　Some Trends in Reference Format 75
15.8　不同参考文献体例实例　Examples of Different Reference Styles 75
15.9　引用电子文献　Citing Electronic Material 76
15.10 准确引用的另一原因　One More Reason to Cite Carefully 76
第三部分　制作图表　Preparing the Tables and Figures
第16章　设计有效的表格　How to Design Effective Tables 78
16.1　何时使用表格　When to Use Tables 78
16.2　表格设计实例　How to Arrange Tabular Material 81
16.3　表头中的指数　Exponents in Table Headings 83
16.4　遵循期刊要求　Following the Journal’s Instructions 83
16.5　表题、表注和缩写　Titles, Footnotes, and Abbreviations 83
16.6　表格设计小窍门　Additional Tips on Tables 84
第17章　绘制有效的图形　How to Prepare Effective Graphs 85
17.1　何时不用图形　When Not to Use Graphs 85
17.2　何时使用图形　When to Use Graphs 86
17.3　如何绘制图形　How to Prepare Graphs 88
17.4　符号与图注　Symbols and Legends 89
17.5　图形设计小窍门　A Few More Tips on Graphs 90
第18章　准备有效的照片　How to Prepare Effective Photographs 91
18.1　照片和显微照片　Photographs and Micrographs 91
18.2　照片提交格式　Submission Formats 91
18.3　裁剪照片　Cropping 91
18.4　说明文字与指示标记　Necessary Keys and Guides 93
18.5　彩色照片　Color 95
18.6　线条画　Line Drawings 95

第四部分　发表论文　Publishing the Paper
第19章　版权与许可　Rights and Permissions 97
19.1　何为版权　What Is Copyright? 97
19.2　版权方面的考虑　Copyright Considerations 98
19.3　版权和电子出版　Copyright and Electronic Publishing 99
第20章　稿件提交　How to Submit the Manuscript 100
20.1　检查稿件　Checking Your Manuscript 100
20.2　提交稿件　Submitting Your Manuscript 101
20.3　投稿信　The Cover Letter 101
20.4　电子版投稿信　Sample Cover Letter 103
20.5　收稿确认　Confirmation of Receipt 103
第21章　审稿过程　The Review Process (How to Deal with Editors) 104
21.1　编辑、执行编辑和文字编辑的职责 Functions of Editors, Managing Editors, and Manuscript Editors 104
21.2　审稿过程　The Review Process 106
21.3　编辑的决定　The Editor’s Decision 108
21.4　录用信　The Accept Letter 110
21.5　退改信　The Modify Letter 110
21.6　退稿信　The Reject Letter 112
21.7　作为把关人的编辑　Editors as Gatekeepers 114
第22章　发表过程和发表之后　The Publishing Process (How to Deal with Proofs)—and After Publication 116
22.1　稿件编辑校对过程　The Copyediting and Proofing Processes 116
22.2　校样为何返给作者　Why Proofs Are Sent to Authors 117
22.3　检查拼写错误　Misspelled Words 117
22.4　标记更正之处　Marking the Corrections 118
22.5　校样的补遗　Additions to the Proofs 119
22.6　新增参考文献　Addition of References 120
22.7　校对插图　Proofing the Illustrations 120
22.8　质量投诉时机　When to Complain 121
22.9　订购论文重印本　Reprints 121
22.10 论文宣传与存档　Publicizing and Archiving Your Paper 122
22.11 庆贺论文发表　Celebrating Publication 124
第五部分　其他类型写作　Doing Other Writing for Publication
第23章　综述文章写作　How to Write a Review Paper 126
23.1　综述文章特点　Characteristics of a Review Paper 126
23.2　事先拟定提纲　Preparing