方法与技术-神经科学百科全书-下-6

本书特色

《神经科学百科全书6:方法与技术(下)(影印版·导读版)》：《神经科学百科全书》原书篇幅巨大，为所有神经科学百科全书之首。由来自世界各地的2400多位专家撰稿人合力打造，覆盖了神经科学全部主要领域。书中每个词条在收入书中之前均经过顾问委员会的同行评议。词条中均含有词汇表、引言、参考文献和丰富的交叉参考内容。主编为著名神经科学家、美国神经科学学会前主席Larry R.Squire。内容平易，本科生即可读懂。深度和广度独一无二，足可满足专家学者的需要。导读版精选原书中的部分主题，按内容重新编排，更适合国内读者购买和阅读。

内容简介

《神经科学百科全书》旨在将本学科丰富多元的内容条理化并仔细介绍，从而推动不同学术分支之间的沟通，提供权威的信息来源。该书面向较为广泛的读者群体，既包括初入神经科学研究的学生，也包括寻求特定专题知识的普通读者。无论是神经科学家，还是正在学习神经科学的本科生和研究生，或生命科学领域的教师、科普作家，都会从该参考书中获益。

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插图：Normal aging affects brain functions in a variety ofways. Some regions, such as prefrontal cortex, medialtemporal lobe, and neuromodulatory systems （cholin-ergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic）, show markedage-related changes, whereas other regions, such asprimary sensory and motor regions, show compara-tively little change during normal aging. Age-relatedchanges in memory function are also selective, whichis related to regional differences in the impact of brainaging. In general, age-related declines are most evi-dent in certain types of explicit memory tasks thatrequire conscious retrieval of remembered informa-tion, but they are small or absent for many implicitmemory tasks. For example, episodic memory is onetype of explicit memory, and it is defined as memoryfor specific events and their context, such as remem-bering what one did last weekend. In contrast,implicit memory can be expressed even if a persondoes not consciously remember a specific learningepisode or cannot articulate what was learned. Anexample of implicit memory is the gradual develop-ment of proficiency in various kinds of motor skills,such as riding a bicycle. Because the adverse effects ofaging are most evident for explicit memory, this arti-cle focuses on event-related potential （ERP） and elec-troencephalogram （EEG） findings while subjectsperform explicit memory tasks. For most studies ofhuman aging, the comparison group of young sub-jects consists of young adult college students, typi-cally between the ages of 18 and 25 years. Dependingon the study, older subjects can range in age from the60s, termed 'young-old,' to older than 90years,termed the 'oldest-old.'