火力发电厂绝缘技术监督工作手册

前言 **篇 绝缘监督基础知识 **章 电介质······························································································· 1 **节 电介质的极化·················································································· 1 第二节 电介质的电导与性能········································································· 5 第三节 电介质的损耗及等值电路··································································· 8 第四节 电介质的击穿················································································· 10 第二章 绝缘电阻···························································································14 **节 绝缘电阻、吸收比和极化指数···························································· 14 第二节 绝缘电阻的测量原理、方法及注意事项················································ 16 第三节 影响绝缘电阻的因素及分析判断························································· 18 第三章 直流泄漏及直流耐压············································································20 **节 试验方法及注意事项········································································ 20 第二节 异常情况分析················································································· 23 第三节 影响因素及试验结果分析·································································· 24 第四章 介质损耗角正切值(tanδ)····································································25 **节 tanδ 测量方法的意义及原理······························································· 25 第二节 防干扰措施···················································································· 27 第三节 影响tanδ 的因素和结果分析······························································2 9 第五章 工频交流耐压······················································································ 31 第六章 局部放电····························································································· 37 第七章 接地装置····························································································· 43 **节 接地的基本概念·············································································· 43 第二节 接地装置的形式·············································································· 44 第三节 接地阻抗的计算·············································································· 48 第四节 系统接地的形式·············································································· 49 第五节 雷电保护接地和防静电接地······························································· 50 第八章 电气设备防污闪···················································································· 52 **节 污闪形成的原因及防污闪技术···························································· 52 第二节 防污闪措施··················································································· 58 第九章 红外热成像························································································· 64 **节 红外成像技术简介·········································································· 64 第二节 红外成像技术在电力系统中的具体应用··············································· 65 第十章 电气设备在线监测················································································ 75 **节 发电机在线监测············································································· 76 第二节 变压器在线监测············································································· 79 第三节 油中溶解气体在线监测···································································· 82 第二篇 绝缘技术监督管理 第十一章 总体要求························································································· 87 第十二章 电气设备监督内容············································································· 88 **节 发电机的技术监督·········································································· 88 第二节 电力变压器的技术监督···································································· 91 第三节 互感器的技术监督·········································································· 96 第四节 气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备(GIS)的技术监督···································· 98 第五节 高压断路器的技术监督··································································· 100 第六节 外绝缘防污闪的技术监督································································ 103 第七节 接地装置的技术监督······································································ 105 第八节 金属氧化物避雷器的技术监督·························································· 106 第九节 电力电缆的技术监督······································································ 107 第十三章 监督工作管理要求············································································ 109 第三篇 电气设备高压试验 第十四章 发电机试验····················································································· 110 **节 定子绕组绝缘电阻、吸收比或极化指数测量试验·································· 110 第二节 定子绕组泄漏电流和直流耐压试验···················································· 113 第三节 定子绕组交流耐压试验··································································· 118 第四节 定子绕组端部手包绝缘施加直流电压测量试验····································· 121 第五节 定子绕组端部动态特性试验····························································· 125 第六节 定子绕组水流量试验······································································ 128 第七节 电磁式定子铁芯检测仪(EL CID)通小电流法定子铁芯磁化试验············ 132 第八节 定子绕组端部电晕检测试验····························································· 134 第九节 定子、转子绕组直流电阻测量试验···················································· 138 第十节 转子绕组交流耐压试验··································································· 141 第十一节 转子绕组交流阻抗和功率损耗测量试验··········································· 143 第十二节 转子绕组匝间短路重复脉冲法(RSO)测试试验······························· 146 第十三节 转子动态匝间短路测试试验·························································· 149 第十四节 轴电压测量试验········································································· 154 第十五节 空载、短路特性试验··································································· 156 第十五章 电力变压器试验··············································································· 160 **节 绕组直流电阻测量试验··································································· 160 第二节 绕组绝缘电阻、吸收比及极化指数测量试验········································ 162 第三节 绕组介质损耗因数(tanδ)测试试验·················································· 164 第四节 泄漏电流测量试验········································································· 166 第五节 交流耐压试验··············································································· 167 第六节 大型变压器感应耐压试验································································ 168 第七节 局部放电测量试验········································································· 168 第八节 绕组变形测试试验········································································· 173 第九节 变压器变比测量试验······································································ 179 第十节 变压器的极性及组别测试试验·························································· 180 第十一节 铁芯、夹件绝缘电阻测量试验······················································· 180 第十二节 变压器电容型套管介损及电容量测量试验········································ 182 第十六章 互感器试验····················································································· 184 第十七章 断路器试验····················································································· 190 第十八章 GIS试验························································································ 192 **节 主回路电阻测量试验······································································ 192 第二节GIS元件试验及联锁试验································································ 193 第三节GIS现场交流耐压试验··································································· 194 第四节 局部放电检测试验········································································· 197 第五节SF6气体检测试验·········································································· 201 第六节 六氟化硫(SF6)密度继电器校验····················································· 210 第十九章 套管试验························································································ 213 第二十章 电容器试验····················································································· 219 **节 电容器的试验项目及方法································································ 219 第二节 试验实例····················································································· 222 第二十一章 避雷器试验·················································································· 226 第二十二章 电力电缆试验··············································································· 228 第二十三章 变压器油中气体分析及故障诊断······················································· 233 **节 变压器油的作用············································································ 233 第二节 变压器油的特性············································································ 234 第三节 绝缘油的电气性能试验··································································· 238 第四节 变压器油中溶解气体的来源与故障气体产生机理································· 245 第五节 油浸式变压器故障类型及油中溶解气体的特征····································· 252 第六节 变压器油中溶解气体含量的气相色谱分析方法简介······························ 255 第七节 运行中变压器故障诊断··································································· 259 第八节 变压器故障综合分析及处理措施······················································· 271 第九节 电力变压器故障诊断案例分析·························································· 278 第二十四章 绝缘子试验·················································································· 284 第二十五章 接地装置试验··············································································· 293 **节 接地电阻测量试验········································································· 293 第二节 电气完整性测试试验······································································ 299 第三节 跨步电压和接触电压测量试验·························································· 301 第四节 表面电压梯度测量试验··································································· 304 第五节 土壤电阻率测量试验······································································ 306 第六节 接地导体(线)热稳定校验····························································· 309 第七节 接地装置腐蚀(开挖)检查····························································· 310 附录 常用电气绝缘技术标准名录······································································ 312 参考文献······································································································· 316