医学有机化学 MEDICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY(英文版)(留学生与双语教学用)

Contents

目.录

Chapter 1　Introduction ………………………………1

1.1　Organic Compounds ...........................................1

1.2　Features of Organic Compounds........................2

1.3　The Covalent Bond...............................................2

1.4　Structural Representations of Organic

　Compounds............................................................5

1.5　Functional Groups and Classification of

　Organic Compounds.............................................7

1.6　Isomerism...............................................................8

1.7　Significance of Studying Organic Chemistry for

　Medical Students...................................................9

Chapter 2　Saturated Hydrocarbons: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes……………………11

2.1　Classification of Hydrocarbons.........................11

2.2　Alkanes.................................................................12

2.3　Cycloalkanes .......................................................21

Chapter 3　Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Alkenes, Alkynes and Aromatics……26

3.1　Alkenes.................................................................26

3.2　Alkynes.................................................................32

3.3　Aromatic Hydrocarbons....................................34

Chapter 4　Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers……41

4.1　Alcohols................................................................41

4.2　Phenols..................................................................45

4.3　Ethers....................................................................46

4.4　Thioalcohols and Disulfides..............................48

Chapter 5　Aldehydes and Ketones……………52

5.1　Structure of Aldehydes and Ketones...............52

5.2　Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones ..........52

5.3　Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones.............54

5.4　Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones ..........54

5.5　Chemical Properties of Aldehydes

　 and Ketones.........................................................55

Chapter 6　Carboxylic Acids and Acid Derivatives………………………………65

6.1　Introduction to Acids and Acid Derivatives...65

6.2　Structure and Physical Properties of Carboxylic

　 Acids.....................................................................67

6.3　Naming the Carboxylic Acids...........................69

6.4　Reactions of Carboxylic Acids...........................70

6.5　Reactions which yield carboxylic acids...........74

6.6　Nomenclature of Acid Derivatives...................74

6.7　Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acid

　 Derivatives...........................................................77

6.8　Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acid

　 Derivatives...........................................................78

Chapter 7　Amines……………………………………87

7.1　Classification and Nomenclature of Amines..87

7.2.Structure of Amines............................................88

7.3　Physical Properties of Amines..........................89

7.4　Chemical Properties of Amines........................89

7.5.Aromatic Diazonium Salts.................................92

7.6.Alkaloids..............................................................92

Chapter 8　Optical Isomerism……………………95

8.1.Optical Activity...................................................95

8.2.Molecular Chirality.............................................97

8.3　Nomenclature of Chiral Carbon Atoms...........98

8.4.Fischer Projections............................................100

8.5　Assigning R or S Configuration to

　Fischer Projections.............................................101

8.6　Compounds Have Two or More

　Chiral Centers....................................................102

8.7　Chirality in the Biological World....................103

Chapter 9　Carbohydrates…………………………108

9.1　Structure and Names of Monosaccharides....108

9.2.Disaccharides.....................................................117

9.3.Polysaccharides.................................................119

Chapter 10　Lipids……………………………………123

10.1　Triacylglycerol—Fats and Oils......................123

10.2　Chemical properties of triacylglycerol.........124

10.3　Fatty Acids in Triacylglycerols......................124

10.4.Glycerophospholipids....................................126

10.5.Steroids.............................................................127

Chapter 11　Amino Acid and Proteins…………130

11.1.Amino Acids....................................................130

11.2.Structures of Polypeptides.............................134

11.3.Structures of Proteins.....................................136

Chapter 12　Nucleic Acids…………………………142

12.1.Pentose..............................................................142

12.2　Heterocyclic Nitrogenous Bases...................142

12.3.Nucleosides......................................................142

12.4.Nucleotides......................................................143

12.5　Primary Structures of Nucleic Acids............143

12.6　Secondary Structure of DNA.........................144

12.7　Higher orders of DNA Structures.................145

12.8　The Roles of DNA and RNA in Genetic

　.Process...............................................................145

References…………………………………………………146