上海方言文法英文

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I ON SOUND

Section

1. Alphabet. Table of sounds.

2. On the Chinese Tones. Natural tones described. Tones of several dialects.

3. On the Shanghai Tones. Tones in state of transition. Relation of tones to music and accents.

4. Alphabetical Form of the Shanghai Sounds. The 36 initials of the Dictionaries. Represent the sounds of the old language, and are now a provincial pronunciation. The Shanghai dialect, a branch of that system. Finals. Comparative table of Shanghai and Mandarin finals. The final consonants n, ng and k.

PART II ON THE PARTS OF SPEECH

Section

1. Native Divisions. Division proposed by a native grammarian.

2. Relation of the Dialect to the Written Language, and to other Dialects. Primitive words exemplified. Relation to the mandarin of the Historical Romances. Compared with the dialect of Sú-cheú.

3. On Substantives.

4. On Numeral Particles and Auxiliary Substantives. Distinctive Particles. Significant Particles. Weights and measures. Collectives.

5. On Adjectives.

6. On Pronouns.

7. On Verbs. Modes of grouping. Kinds of Verbs. Mode. Tense.

8. On Prepositions and Postpositions.

9. On Adverbs.

10. On Conjunctions.

11. On Expletives and Interjections.

PART III ON SYNTAX

Section

1. On Government.

2. Interchange of the Parts of Speech. Adjective as Substantive. Verb as Substantive, and as Adjective, &c.

3. On Government of Words in Groups or Combinations.

4. On Repetition.

5. On Order in Groups.

6. On Simple Propositions.

7. On Subordinate Sentences.

8. On Coordinate Sentences.

9. On Antithesis.

10. On Rhythmus.

Appendix

I On the Higher Colloquial Used by Literary Men.

II On the Native Tables of Initials and Finals. Imitated from the Sanscrit. Geographical outline of the dialects that agree with the dictionary system.