牙体解剖图谱

**章 口腔颌面部的标志/1 Marker of oral cavity and maxillofacial region 图1 颅的概观(前面观)General view of skull. Anterior view/2 图2 颅的概观(侧面观)General view of skull. Lateral view/3 图3 老年颅的概观(前面观)General view of old skull. Anterior view/4 图4 老年颅的概观(侧面观)General view of old skull. Lateral view/5 图5 乳牙的分类与命名Name and grouping of deciduous teeth/6 图6 恒牙分类与命名Name and grouping of permanent teeth/6 图7 乳牙的名称和符号Name and denotation of deciduous teeth/7 图8 恒牙的名称和符号Name and denotation of permanent teeth/8 图9 牙的组成部分Ingredient of tooth/8 图10 牙的构造示意图Diagram of structure of tooth/9 图11 牙髓腔的示意图Diagram of dental pulp cavity/11 图12 根管的分型示意图Diagram of grouping of root canal/12 图13 根管与根尖孔变异示意图Diagram of variation of root canal and apical foramen/14 图14 牙本质和牙釉质的形态Shapes of dentin and enamel/15 图15 牙体长轴Long axis of tooth/16 图16 牙体外形高点Height of contour of tooth/17 图17 牙邻面接触区部位Site of contact area of proximal surface of tooth/18 图18 牙邻面及面接触区部位Site of occlusal contact area and proximal surface of tooth/18 图19 牙冠的线角Line angle of dental crown/19 图20 牙冠的点角Point angle of dental crown/20 图21 切牙牙体三等分Division into thirds of incisor teeth/21 图22 磨牙牙体三等分Division into thirds of molar/21 图23 牙冠各面的名称Name of each surfaces of dental crown/22 图24 上颌牙冠的各面Each surfaces of dental crown of maxilla/23 图25 下颌牙冠的各面Each surfaces of dental crown of mandible/24 图26 牙冠的表面标志Surface marker of dental crown/25 图27 牙尖Dental cusp/26 图28 切缘结节Mamelon/26 图29 舌面隆凸Cingulum/27 图30 切嵴Incisal ridge/27 图31 轴嵴和颈嵴Axial ridge and cervical ridge/28 图32 边缘嵴Marginal ridge/29 图33 牙尖嵴Cusp ridge/29 图34 三角嵴Triangular ridge/30 图35 横嵴Transverse ridge/30 图36 斜嵴Oblique ridge/31 图37 发育沟、点隙、副沟Developmental groove、pit、supplemental groove/31 图38 裂Fissure/32 图39 窝Fossa/32 图40 斜面Inclined surface/33 图41 牙冠的生长叶Growth lobe of crowns/34 图42 牙冠接触区的楔状隙Embrasure of contact area of crowns/35 图43 牙邻面接触区的位置Site of proximate contact area of tooth/36 第二章 恒牙与牙髓腔的形态/39 图44 上颌切牙示意图Diagram of incisor of maxilla/40 图45 上颌中切牙Central incisor of maxilla/42 图46 上颌中切牙牙冠的形态Shapes of dental crown of central incisor of maxilla/42 图47 上颌中切牙变异Variation of central incisor of maxilla/43 图48 上颌中切牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of central incisor of maxilla/43 图49 上颌中切牙髓室顶的形态Shapes of roof of pulp chamber of central incisor of maxilla/44 图50 上颌侧切牙Lateral incisor of maxilla/45 图51 上颌侧切牙(双根)Lateral incisor of maxilla.Double roots/46 图52 上颌侧切牙变异Variation of lateral incisor of maxilla/47 图53 上颌侧切牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of lateral incisor of maxilla/47 图54 上颌尖牙示意图Diagram of canine tooth of maxilla/48 图55 上颌尖牙Canine tooth of maxilla/49 图56 上颌尖牙(短根)Canine tooth of maxilla.Short root/50 图57 上颌尖牙变异Variation of canine tooth of maxilla/51 图58 上颌尖牙阻生及错位Impaction and transposition of canine tooth of maxilla/51 图59 上颌尖牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of canine tooth of maxilla/52 图60 上颌**前磨牙示意图Diagram of 1st premolar of maxilla/53 图61 上颌**前磨牙(双根)1st premolar of maxilla.Double roots/54 图62 上颌**前磨牙(单根)1st premolar of maxilla.Simple root/55 图63 上颌**前磨牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of 1st premolar of maxilla/56 图64 上颌第二前磨牙示意图Diagram of 2nd premolar of maxilla/57 图65 上颌第二前磨牙(单根)2nd premolar of maxilla.Single root/59 图66 上颌第二前磨牙(双根)2nd premolar of maxilla.Double roots/60 图67 上颌第二前磨牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of 2nd premolar of maxilla/61 图68 上颌**磨牙示意图Diagram of 1st molar of maxilla/62 图69 上颌**磨牙(三根)1st molar of maxilla.Three roots/64 图70 上颌**磨牙(三根融合)1st molar of maxilla.Three roots fusion/65 图71 上颌**磨牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of 1st molar of maxilla/67 图72 上颌第二磨牙示意图Diagram of 2nd molar of maxilla/68 图73 上颌第二磨牙(三根)2nd molar of maxilla.Three roots/69 图74 上颌第二磨牙(双根1)2nd molar of maxilla.Double root(1)/70 图75 上颌第二磨牙(双根2)2nd molar of maxilla.Double roots(2)/71 图76 上颌第二磨牙(尖形双根)2nd molar of maxilla.Apiciform double roots/72 图77 上颌第二磨牙(尖形单根)2nd molar of maxilla.Simple root of apiciform/73 图78 上颌第二磨牙(三根融合)2nd molar of maxilla.Fusion of three roots/74 图79 上颌第二磨牙(近远中颊根与舌根融合)2nd molar of maxilla.Fusion of mesial distal buccal root and lingual root/75 图80 上颌第二磨牙面的形态Shapes of occlusal surface of 2nd molar of maxilla/76 图81 上颌第二磨牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of 2nd molar of maxilla/77 图82 上颌第三磨牙(三根)3rd molar of maxilla.Three roots/78 图83 上颌第三磨牙(双根)3rd molar of maxilla.Double roots/79 图84 上颌第三磨牙(单根)3rd molar of maxilla.Single root/80 图85 上颌第三磨牙(四根)3rd molar of maxilla.Four roots/81 图86 上颌第三磨牙面的形态Shapes of occlusal surface of 3rd molar of maxilla/81 图87 右上颌第三磨牙变异Variation of 3rd molar of right maxilla/82 图88 上颌第三磨牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of 3rd molar of maxilla/83 图89 下颌中切牙Central incisor of mandible/84 图90 中切牙与侧切牙(融合牙)Fusion of central incisor and lateral incisor/85 图91 下颌中切牙先天性缺如Congenital absence of central incisor of mandible/86 图92 下颌中切牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of central incisor of mandible/86 图93 下颌侧切牙Lateral incisor of mandible/87 图94 下颌侧切牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of lateral incisor of mandible/88 图95 下颌尖牙Canine tooth of mandible/89 图96 下颌尖牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of canine tooth of mandible/90 图97 下颌**前磨牙示意图Diagram of 1st premolar of mandible/91 图98 下颌**前磨牙1st premolar of mandible/93 图99 下颌**前磨牙(根分叉痕迹)1st premolar of mandible.Vestige of root bifurcation/94 图100 下颌**前磨牙(双根)1st premolar of mandible.Double roots/95 图101 下颌**前磨牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of 1st premolar of mandible/96 图102 下颌第二前磨牙示意图Diagram of 2nd premolar of mandible/97 图103 下颌第二前磨牙2nd premolar of mandible/98 图104 下颌第二前磨牙面的形态Shapes of occlusal surface of 2nd premolar of mandible/98 图105 下颌第二前磨牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of 2nd premolar of mandible/99 图106 下颌**磨牙示意图Diagram of 1st molar of mandible/100 图107 下颌**磨牙(三根)1st molar of mandible.Three roots/101 图108 下颌**磨牙(双根)1st molar of mandible.Double roots/102 图109 下颌**磨牙(远中舌根)1st molar of mandible.Distal lingual root/103 图110 下颌**磨牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of 1st molar of mandible/104 图111 下颌第二磨牙示意图Diagram of 2nd molar of mandible/105 图112 下颌第二磨牙(双根)2nd molar of mandible.Double roots/106 图113 下颌第二磨牙(三根)2nd molar of mandible.Three roots/107 图114 下颌第二磨牙(“C”形根)2nd molar of mandible.“C”root/108 图115 下颌第二磨牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of 2nd molar of mandible/109 图116 下颌第三磨牙(三根)3rd molar of mandible.Three roots/110 图117 下颌第三磨牙(双根)3rd molar of mandible.Double roots/111 图118 下颌第三磨牙(尖根)3rd molar of mandible.Apical root/112 图119 下颌第三磨牙(融合根)3rd molar of mandible.Fusion root/112 图120 下颌第三磨牙(四根)3rd molar of mandible.Four roots/113 图121 下颌第三磨牙(多根尖)3rd molar of mandible.Multi-root tip/114 图122 下颌第三磨牙釉珠Enamel pearl of 3rd molar of mandible/114 图123 智齿横生Amphitropic wisdom teeth/115 图124 下颌第三磨牙面形态Shapes of occlusal surface of 3rd molar of mandible/116 图125 下颌第三磨牙牙髓腔的形态 Shapes of dental pulp cavity of 3rd molar of mandible/117 第三章 乳牙与牙髓腔的形态/119 图126 上颌乳中切牙Deciduous central incisor of maxilla/120 图127 上颌乳中切牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of deciduous central incisor of maxilla/121 图128 上颌乳侧切牙Deciduous lateral incisor of maxilla/122 图129 上颌乳侧切牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of deciduous lateral incisor of maxilla/123 图130 上颌乳尖牙Deciduous canine tooth of maxilla/124 图131 上颌乳尖牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of deciduous canine tooth of maxilla/125 图132 上颌**乳磨牙1st deciduous molar of maxilla/126 图133 上颌**乳磨牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of 1st deciduous molar of maxilla/127 图134 上颌第二乳磨牙2nd deciduous molar of maxilla/128 图135 上颌第二乳磨牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of 2nd deciduous molar of maxilla/129 图136 下颌乳中切牙Deciduous central incisor of mandible/130 图137 下颌乳中切牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of deciduous central incisor of mandible/131 图138 下颌乳侧切牙Deciduous lateral incisor of mandible/132 图139 下颌乳侧切牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of deciduous lateral incisor of mandible/133 图140 下颌乳尖牙Deciduous canine tooth of mandible/134 图141 下颌乳尖牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of deciduous canine tooth of mandible/135 图142 下颌**乳磨牙1st deciduous molar of mandible/136 图143 下颌**乳磨牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of 1st deciduous molar of mandible/137 图144 下颌第二乳磨牙2nd deciduous molar of mandible/138 图145 下颌第二乳磨牙牙髓腔的形态Shapes of dental pulp cavity of 2nd deciduous molar of mandible/139 第四章 牙列与/141 Dentition and occlusion 图146 恒牙上牙列( 面观)Superior dentition of permanent occlusion. Occlusal surface view/142 图147 恒牙下牙列( 面观)Inferior dentition of permanent occlusion. Occlusal surface view/142 图148 乳牙上牙列( 面观)Superior dentition of deciduous occlusion.Occlusal surface view/143 图149 乳牙下牙列( 面观)Inferior dentition of the deciduous occlusion. Occlusal surface view/143 图150 乳牙上牙列(前面观)Superior dentition of deciduous occlusion. Anterior view/144 图151 乳牙下牙列(前面观)Inferior dentition of deciduous occlusion.Anterior view/144 图152 恒牙上牙列(侧面观)Superior dentition of permanent occlusion.Lateral view/145 图153 乳牙上牙列(侧面观)Superior dentition of deciduous occlusion.Lateral view/145 图154 混合牙列Mixed dentition/146 图155 牙列的形态Shapes of dentition/147 图156 牙列长度和宽度Length and breadth of dentition/148 图157 异常牙列(牙数异常)Abnormity dentition.Numbers abnormity/149 图158 异常牙列(牙排列异常)Abnormity dentition.Malalinement/149 图159 恒牙(前面观)Permanent occlusion.Anterior view/150 图160 恒牙(侧面观)Permanent occlusion.Lateral view/150 图161 乳牙(前面观)Deciduous occlusion.Anterior view/151 图162 乳牙(侧面观)Deciduous occlusion.Lateral view/151 图163 平面Occlusal plane/152 图164 下颌牙列纵曲线Sagittal curve of occlusion of dentition of mandible/152 图165 上颌牙列的纵曲线Sagittal curve of occlusion of dentition of maxilla/153 图166 上颌横曲线Transverse curve of occlusion of maxilla/153 图167 下颌横曲线Transverse curve of occlusion of mandible/154 图168 Bonwill 三角Bonwill triangle/154 图169 Balkwil 角Balkwil angle/155 第五章 咬合/157 Occlusion 图170 牙尖交错牙的接触关系(前面观)Contact relation of malocclusion tooth. Anterior view/158 图171 牙尖交错牙的接触关系(侧面观)Contact relation of malocclusion tooth. Lateral view/158 图172 牙尖交错牙的接触关系(内侧面观)Contact relation of malocclusion tooth.Medial view/159 图173 上颌牙的倾斜方向(前面观)Tilted direction of maxillary teeth. Anterior view/160 图174 上颌牙的倾斜方向(外侧面观1)Tilted direction of maxillary teeth. Lateral view(1)/160 图175 上颌牙的倾斜方向(外侧面观2)Tilted direction of maxillary teeth. Lateral view(2)/161 图176 上颌牙的倾斜方向(上面观)Tilted direction of maxillary teeth. Superior view/162 图177 下颌牙的倾斜方向(外侧面观)Tilted direction of mandibular teeth. Lateral view/163 图178 下颌牙的倾斜方向(前面观)Tilted direction of mandibular teeth. Anterior view/163 图179 前牙覆与覆盖示意图Diagram of over-bite and over-jet of anterior teeth/164 图180 后牙覆与覆盖示意图Diagram of over-bite and over-jet of posterior teeth/164 图181 正常示意图Diagram of normal occlusion/164 图182 前牙正常(矢状面观)Normal occlusion of anterior teeth.Sagittal view/165 图183 后牙正常(冠状面观)Normal occlusion of posterior teeth.Coronal view/165 图184 对刃示意图Diagram of edge to edge bite/166 图185 对刃(前面观)Edge to edge bite.Anterior view/166 图186 对刃(矢状面观)Edge to edge bite.Sagittal view/167 图187 深覆盖示意图Diagram of deep over-jet/167 图188 深覆盖(外侧面观)Deep over-jet.Lateral view/168 图189 深覆示意图Diagram of deep over-bite/168 图190 深覆(外侧面观)Deep over-bite.Lateral view/169 图191 开示意图Diagram of open bite/169 图192 开(外侧面观)Open bite.Lateral view/170 图193 反示意图Diagram of cross bite/170 图194 前牙反(矢状面观)Anterior cross bite.Sagittal view/171 图195 后牙反(冠状面观)Posterior cross bite.Coronal view/171 图196 后牙锁(冠状面观)Locked occlusion of posterior teeth.Coronal view/172 图197 后牙反锁(冠状面观)Underhung bite of posterior teeth.Coronal view/172 图198 牙齿咬合的动力平衡与牙齿位置的稳定性Stability of correlated state of dental articulation and teeth position/173 图199 *大开颌(前面观)Maximum open bite.Anterior view/173 图200 *大开颌(侧面观)Maximum open bite.Lateral view/174 第六章 上颌骨牙槽突与牙齿/175 图201 上颌骨(前面观)Maxilla.Anterior view/176 图202 上颌骨(内侧面观)Maxilla.Medial view/176 图203 上颌骨(后面观)Maxilla.Posterior view/177 图204 上颌窦下壁与牙根的关系Relationships between maxillary sinus inferior wall and roots of teeth/178 图205 上颌窦间隔Spacer plate in maxillary sinus/180 图206 上颌骨牙槽突的横断面Transection section of alveolar process of maxilla/181 图207 上颌骨牙槽窝的形态Shapes of alveolar sockets of maxilla/182 图208 经上颌中切牙的唇舌向切面Section of labial and tongue through central incisor of maxilla/183 图209 经上颌侧切牙的唇舌向切面Section of labial and tongue through lateral incisor of maxilla/184 图210 经上颌尖牙的唇舌向切面Section of labial and tongue through canine tooth of maxilla/184 图211 经上颌**前磨牙的颊舌向切面Section of cheek and tongue through 1st premolar of maxilla/185 图212 经上颌第二前磨牙的颊舌向切面Section of cheek and tongue through 2nd premolar of maxilla/186 图213 经上颌**磨牙的颊舌向切面Section of cheek and tongue through 1st molar of maxilla/186 图214 经上颌第二磨牙的颊舌向切面Section of cheek and tongue through 2nd molar of maxilla/187 图215 经上颌第三磨牙的颊舌向切面Section of cheek and tongue through 3rd molar of maxilla/188 第七章 下颌骨牙槽突与牙齿/189 图216 下颌骨(外侧面观)Mandible.Lateral view/190 图217 下颌骨(内侧面观)Mandible.Medial view/191 图218 下颌管的形态和位置Shape and position of mandibular canal/192 图219 下颌管与牙根的毗邻关系(1)Relations between mandibular canal and roots of teeth(1)/193 图220 下颌管与牙根的毗邻关系(2)Relations between mandibular canal and roots of teeth(2)/193 图221 下颌骨牙槽窝的形态Shape of alveolar sockets of mandible/195 图222 下颌骨牙槽突的横切面(经牙槽窝)Transverse section of alveolar process of mandible/196 图223 经下颌中切牙的唇舌向切面Section of labial and tongue through central incisor of mandible/196 图224 经下颌侧切牙的唇舌向切面Section of labial and tongue through lateral incisor of mandible/197 图225 经下颌尖牙的唇舌向切面Section of labial and tongue through canine tooth of mandible/198 图226 经下颌**前磨牙的颊舌向切面Section of cheek and tongue through 1st premolar of mandible/198 图227 经下颌第二前磨牙的颊舌向切面Section of cheek and tongue through 2nd premolar of mandible/199 图228 经下颌**磨牙的颊舌向切面Section of cheek and tongue through 1st molar of mandible/199 图229 经下颌第二磨牙的颊舌向切面Section of cheek and tongue through 2nd molar of mandible/200 图230 经下颌第三磨牙的颊舌向切面Section of cheek and tongue through 3rd molar of mandible/201 图231 乳牙胚Deciduous dental germ/201 图232 下颌乳牙与恒牙胚(外侧面观)Deciduous teeth and permanent dental germ of mandible.Lateral view/202 图233 上颌乳牙与恒牙胚( 面观)Deciduous teeth and permanent dental germ of maxilla.Occlusion view/202 图234 下颌乳牙与恒牙胚( 面观)Deciduous teeth and permanent dental germ of mandible.Occlusion view/203 图235 乳牙与恒牙胚(前面观)Deciduous teeth and permanent dental germ. Anterior view/204 第八章 口腔颌面部局解/205 Topography of oral cavity and maxillofacial region 图236 颌面骨支架结构Supporting structures of maxillofacial bone/206 图237 下颌骨的牙力轨道和肌力轨道Detal force track and muscle trackof mandibular/207 图238 上、下牙槽血管和神经Vascular and nerve of superior and inferior alveolar/207 图239 鼻腭神经和动脉Nasopalatine nerves and artery/208 图240 腭大动脉的分支Branches of greater palatine artery/209 图241 腭部血管、神经Blood vessels and nerves of palatine part/209 图242 上颌神经在口腔的分布Distribution in oral cavity of maxillary nerve/210 图243 下颌神经在口腔的分布Distribution in oral cavity of mandibular nerve/211 图244 上颌动脉的分支(1)Branches of maxillary artery(1)/211 图245 上颌动脉的分支(2)Branches of maxillary artery(2)/212 图246 下颌骨前牙区的骨滋养孔Nutrient foramen of anterior teeth area of mendible/213 图247 下颌骨前牙区的骨滋养动脉(舌下动脉分支)Nutrient arteries of anterior teeth area of mendible.Sublingual artery branches/213 图248 下颌骨前牙区舌侧面的骨滋养动脉(颏下动脉分支)Nutrient arteries of anterior teeth area of mendible.Submental artery branches/214 图249 颈外动脉和脑神经的分支Branches of external carotid artery and cranial nerves/215 图250 下颌隆凸周围结构Structures around torus mandibularis/215 图251 三叉神经的分支Branches of trigeminal nerve/216 图252 上、下牙槽神经Superior and inferior alveolar nerves/217