音乐英语教程

内容简介

本教程总体由三大部分构成：课程主体、短文阅读、短文翻译。本教程主要包括：音乐基本理论、音乐欣赏、现代音乐理论。其中，以“音乐基本理论”为主线，同时伴随英语语言程度的顺阶进行。
本教材的使用对象为音乐院校、艺术院校音乐专业的大学生和研究生。可作为选修课，或在有条件的学校作为大学公共英语课的后续课程教材。也可以作为业余音乐爱好者学习音乐英语的自学读本。学生学习本教材的起点应该具备基础英语的能力。

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插图：The Chromatic ScaleThe scales of all major and minor keys are diatonic scales. In a minor key, boththe harmonic and melodic forms of the scale are diatonic. Notes which do not belong to the key are said to be chromatic. A "chromatic scale" is a scale made up entirely of semitones. That is to say, it includes all the notes （black and white） on the key-board.For about three centuries after 1600, music was generally based on the major and minor scales and not on the chromatic scale. Individual chromatic notes were used, but often merely as special effects （ the word "chromatic" means "colored" ）, which had noinfluence upon the key.Sometimes, it is trueE, their use could bring about achange of key, in which case the key signature might be Changed. During the second half of the 19th century and the early part of the 20th, the use of chromatic notes devel-oped to such an extent that any feeling of tonality was often weakened. In the hands ofsome composers, it was finally destroyed altogether （ in music described as "aton-al"）, although many others have continued to write tonal music. More will be said a-bout atonal music and its notation, but first it is necessary to consider how the chromaticscale is notated when it is used in music which is basically diatonic.When chromatic scales, or parts of them, occur in real music, composers are oftennot fussy about their notation. Usually they are written in ways which seems conven-lent, bearing in mind the key signature if there is one. In practice this generally means using the minimum number of accidentals needed to do the job, though there can be more than one way of achieving this.Theorists distinguish between two ways of writing the chromatic scale: the harmonic and the melodic. But no one need lose any sleep over them since composers them-selves never have.The harmonic chromatic scale is the same whether ascending or des