包邮土木工程测量

chapter 1  introduction    1．1  surveying    1．2 types of surveys    1．3 plane surveys and geodetic surveys    1．4 how to carry out surveys    1．5  characteristics of surveyingchapter 2  measurements and errors    2．1  errors    2．2  characteristics of accidental errors    2．3 arithmetic mean value    2．4 accuracy and precision    2．5 propagation of accidental errors    2．6 significant figures    2．7 field notes    2．8 planningchapter 3 levellling    3．1 datums and heights    3．2 levelling equipment    3．3 differential levelling    3．4 precision of levelling    3．5 application of levelling    3．6 errors in levelling    3．7 adjustment of levels    3．8  automatic or self—levelling level    3．9 electronic digital levelchapter 4 angle measurement    4．1 theory of angle measurement    4．2 theodolites    4．3 measuring horizontal angles    4．4 measuring vertical angles    4．5 errors in measuring angles    4．6 adjustment of theodoliteschapter 5 distance measurement    5．1  introduction    5．2 ordinary taping     5．3 precision taping    5．4 stadia surveying    5．5 electronic distance measurement    5．6 7110tal station instrumentschapter 6 coordinate and direction    6．1 geographic coordinate systems     6．2 plane rectangular coordinates    6．3 direction of a line    6．4 azimuth    6．5 bearing    6．6 grid azimuth calculationschapter 7 control survey for small regions    7．1  introduction    7．2 traverse surveys    7．3 traverse fieldworks    7．4 traverse calculations    7．5  other methods in horizontal control surveys     7．6 vertical control surveyschapter 8 detail surveying and mapping at large scale    8．1 introduction of topographic map    8．2 preparation before locating details    8．3 surveying detail using theodolites    8．4 surveying detail using total stations    8．5 the completed survey mapchapter 9 setting out    9．1  introduction    9．2 setting out distances．angles and elevations    9．3 setting out by coordinates    9．4 applying of setting out  chapter 10 route surveying    10．1  introduction     10．2 center line survey    10．3 setting out a circular curve    10．4 setting out a transition curve    10．5 setting out a curve by coordinate method    10．6 setting out a vertical curves    10．7 route section survey    10．8 calculation of volumes    10．9 route construction survey  bibliography