改变心理学的40项研究

**章　人类行为的生物学基础　　1

01　一个脑还是两个脑　　2

Gazzaniga, M. S. (1967). The split brain in man. Scientific American, 217 (2), 24-29.

02　丰富的经历= 更大的大脑吗 　　13

Rosenzweig, M. R., Bennett, E. L., & Diamond, M. C. (1972). Brain changes in response to experience. Scientific American, 226 (2), 22-29.

03　人的本性是“天生的”吗 　　21

Bouchard, T., Lykken, D. , McGue, M., Segal, N., & Tellegen, A. (1990).Sources of human psychological differences: The Minnesota study of twins reared apart. Science, 250, 223-229.

04　小心视崖！ 　　31

Gibson, E. J., & Walk, R. D. (1960). The “visual cliff.” Scientific American, 202 (4), 67-71.

第二章　意识与知觉　　39

05　注视偏好 　　40

Fantz, R.L. (1961). The origin of form perception. Scientific American, 204 (May), 61-72.

06　睡眠，毫无疑问会做梦…… 　　47

Aserinsky, E., & Kleitman, N. (1953). Regularly occurring periods of eye mobility and concomitant phenomena during sleep. Science, 118, 273-274. Dement, W. (1960). The effect of dream deprivation. Science, 131, 1705-1707.

07　类别天成　　56

Rosch, Eleanor H. (1973). Natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 4, 328-350.

08　行动，如同被催眠了一般 　　65

Spanos, N. P. (1982). Hypnotic behavior: A cognitive, social,psychological perspective.Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry, and Behavior, 7, 199- 213.

第三章　条件作用和学习　　75

09　不只限于分泌唾液的狗 　　76

Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned reflexes. London: Oxford University Press.

10　情绪化的小阿尔伯特 　　83

Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14.

11　敲敲木头 　　91

Skinner, B. F. (1948). Superstition in the pigeon. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 168-172.

12　观察到攻击行为……做出攻击行为 　　98

Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575- 582.

第四章　认知、记忆和智力　　108

13　所想即所得 　　109

Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1966). Teachers' expectancies: Determinates of pupils' IQ gains. Psychological Reports, 19, 115-118.

14　你在哪方面更聪明 　　117

Gardner, H. (1983) Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.

15　心中的地图 　　128

Tolman, E. C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychological Review, 55, 189-208.

16 感谢记忆！ 　　137

Loftus, E. F. (1975). Leading questions and the eyewitness report. Cognitive Psychology, 7,

560-572.

第五章　毕生发展　　147

17　爱的发现 　　148

Harlow, H. F. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 673-685.

18　眼不见，不一定心不烦 　　156

Piaget, J. (1954). The development of object concept. In J. Piaget, The construction of reality in the child (pp. 3-96). New York: Basic Books.

19　你的品德如何 　　166

Kohlberg, L. (1963). The development of children's orientations toward a moral order: Sequence in the development of moral thought. Vita Humana, 6, 11-33.

20　让你愉快的控制力 　　176

Langer, E. J., & Rodin, J. (1976). The effects of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged: A field experiment in an institutional setting. Journal of Personality and Social

Psychology, 34, 191-198.

第六章　动机和情绪　　185

21　性动机 　　186

Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (1966). Human sexual response. Boston: Little, Brown.

22　我能读懂你的脸！ 　　197

Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17, 124-129.

23　观察你的情绪？　　205

Ross, P. (2003, August 11). Mind readers. Scientific American, 289 (3), 74-77.

24　认知失调 　　210

Festinger, L., & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210.

第七章　人　格　　220

25　你能主宰自己的命运吗　　221

Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80, 1-28.

26　男性化、女性化……还是双性化　　230

Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155-162.

27　和心脏赛跑 　　242

Friedman, M., & Rosenman, R. H. (1959). Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings. Journal of the American Medical Association, 169, 1286-1296.

28　个人与集体 　　251

Triandis, H., Bontempo, R., Villareal, M., Asai, M., & Lucca, N. (1988). Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on self-ingroup relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 323-338.

第八章　心理障碍　　261

29　这儿，谁是疯子 　　262

Rosenhan, D. L. (1973). On being sane in insane places. Science, 179, 250-258.

30　你再次获得防御！ 　　271

Freud, A. (1946). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. New York: International Universities Press.

31　习得性抑郁 　　279

Seligman, M. E. P., & Maier, S. F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74, 1-9.

32　拥挤导致行为失常 　　287

Calhoun, J. B. (1962). Population density and social pathology. Scientific American, 206 (3), 139-148.

第九章　心理治疗 　　296

33　为自己挑选心理治疗师 　　297

Smith, M. L., & Glass, G. V. (1977). Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. American Psychologist, 32, 752-760.

34　缓解你的恐惧心理 　　303

Wolpe, J. (1961). The systematic desensitization treatment of neuroses. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 132, 180-203.

35　投射出真正的你　　312

Rorschach, H. (1942). Psychodiagnostics: A diagnostic test based on perception.New York: Grune & Stratton.

36　编个故事吧！ 　　319

Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality (pp. 531-545). New York: Oxford University Press.

第十章　人类互动与社会行为 　　327

37　斯坦福监狱实验 　　328

Zimbardo, P. G. (1972). The pathology of imprisonment. Society, 9 (6), 4-8. Haney, C., Banks, W. C., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1973). Interpersonal dynamics in a simulated prison. International Journal of Criminology & Penology, 1, 69-97.

38　从众的力量 　　337

Asch, S. E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American, 193 (5), 31-35.

39　你会伸出援手吗　　343

Darley, J. M., & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 377-383.

40　无条件服从？　　352

Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 371-378.