无第二语言写作测评研究与实践

Contents

导 读 潘鸣威 iii
Abbreviations xv
Series Editors’ note xviii
Acknowledgements xxiii

1　Introduction 1
2　Test-taker characteristics 20
3　Cognitive validity 39
4　Context validity 73
5　Scoring validity 164
6　Consequential validity 252
7　Criterion-related validity 265
8　Conclusions and recommendations 279

Appendices 298
Appendix A:　Sample Writing tasks from Main Suite examinations 298
Appendix B:　Candidate Information Sheet 312
Appendix C:　Revised method of assessment for IELTS Writing 314
Appendix D:　 Current Cambridge ESOL rating procedures and
marking models 315
Appendix E:　 Standard procedures for the production of
Writing examination materials 325
Appendix F:　 Minimum Professional Requirements for
examiners of ESOL Writing tests 331
Appendix G:　 Computer-based (CB) exam versions: Issues and
directions 336
Appendix H:　 Electronic Script Management in Cambridge ESOL:
Issues and directions 343
References 360
Subject index 383