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  • ISBN:9787521327793
  • 装帧:一般胶版纸
  • 册数:暂无
  • 重量:暂无
  • 开本:16开
  • 页数:492
  • 出版时间:2021-09-01
  • 条形码:9787521327793 ; 978-7-5213-2779-3

本书特色

适读人群 :学生,教师,一般读者批判性思维常指善于主动、客观地评估各种观念和信息的能力、态度和倾向,是否拥有批判性思维的精神和气质,已经成为人们在学习、工作和生活中能否出彩的关键。本书逻辑清晰,语言简洁,既涵盖批判性思维的所有基础概念,如基本逻辑概念、语言陷阱、常见逻辑谬误、分析及评估论证,又洞悉日常思维陷阱,有助于提高思辨能力。此外,本书不仅每章配备趣味练习,而且援引大量名人名言,既帮助读者在学习、实践中见证自己的进步,还能予以启迪。自问世以来,本书多次再版,深受国外大学师生欢迎,非常适合国内高校师生,以及备考GRE、托福、雅思等考试的学生阅读。

内容简介

本书逻辑清晰,语言简洁,既涵盖批判性思维的所有基础概念:基本逻辑概念、语言陷阱、常见逻辑谬误、分析和评估论证;又洞悉日常思维陷阱,与实际应用紧密结合:筛选信息素材、强化写作、反思媒体与伪科学。此外,本书配有大量经课堂检验的有趣练习,帮助读者在学习、训练、反馈中见证自己的进步,成为一个逻辑性更强,更全面、有信心、不盲从的思考者。本书还援引了大量励志名人名言,并严谨标注出处和参考文献,能给读者以启发。本书自问世以来多次再版,深受国外大学师生欢迎。本书引进后将以全英文的形式出版,适合国内高校师生、准备参加GRE等考试以及准备留学的学生阅读。

目录

A Personal Word to Students vii
Preface ix

Chapter 1 Introduction to Critical Thinking 1
What Is Critical Thinking? 1
Critical Thinking Standards 2
The Benefits of Critical Thinking 7
Barriers to Critical Thinking 9
Qualities of a Critical Thinker 26

Chapter 2 Recognizing Arguments 31
What Is an Argument? 31
Identifying Premises and Conclusions 36
What Is Not an Argument? 41

Chapter 3 Basic Logical Concepts 55
Deduction and Induction 55
How Can We Tell Whether an Argument Is Deductive or Inductive? 58
Common Patterns of Deductive Reasoning 64
Common Patterns of Inductive Reasoning 69
Deductive Validity 74
Inductive Strength 79

Chapter 4 Language 88
Finding the Right Words: The Need for Precision 88
The Importance of Precise Definitions 95
Emotive Language: Slanting the Truth 107
Euphemisms and Political Correctness 117

Chapter 5 Logical Fallacies—I 122
The Concept of Relevance 122
Fallacies of Relevance 125

Chapter 6 Logical Fallacies—II 143
Fallacies of Insufficient Evidence 143

Chapter 7 Analyzing Arguments 169
Diagramming Short Arguments 169
Summarizing Longer Arguments 180

Chapter 8 Evaluating Arguments and Truth Claims 197
When Is an Argument a Good One? 197
When Is It Reasonable to Accept a Premise? 200
Refuting Arguments 205

Chapter 9 A Little Categorical Logic 234
Categorical Statements 235
Translating into Standard Categorical Form 239
Categorical Syllogisms 247

Chapter 10 A Little Propositional Logic 263
Conjunction 264
Conjunction and Validity 267
Negation 272
Deeper Analysis of Negation and Conjunction 277
Disjunction 283
Conditional Statements 287

Chapter 11 Inductive Reasoning 298
Introduction to Induction 298
Inductive Generalizations 299
Statistical Arguments 309
Induction and Analogy 315
Induction and Causal Arguments 324
A Few Words about Probability 330

Chapter 12 Finding, Evaluating, and Using Sources 338
Finding Sources 340
Evaluating Informational Sources 349
Taking Notes 364
Using Sources 373

Chapter 13 Writing Argumentative Essays 382
Writing a Successful Argument 383
Before You Write 384
Writing the First Draft 402
After the First Draft 407

Chapter 14 Thinking Critically about the Media 417
Mass Media and Social Media 417
The News 422
News Media Bias 433
Media Literacy 445
Advertising 446

Chapter 15 Science and Pseudoscience 460
The Basic Pattern of Scientific Reasoning 460
The Limitations of Science 467
How to Distinguish Science from Pseudoscience 470
A Case Study in Pseudoscientific Thinking: Astrology 480

Appendix: The Six Habits of Effective Problem Solvers A-1
Answers to Selected Exercises ANS-1
Index I-1
展开全部

作者简介

格雷戈里·巴沙姆(Gregory Bassham)是宾夕法尼亚州国王学院的哲学荣誉退休教授,著述颇丰,已编辑多部书稿,新近出版的作品是《睡前读物之哲学:从西方哲学的诞生到〈善地〉》(2021)。 威廉·欧文(William Irwin)是国王学院的哲学教授,已出版多部学术著作、小说、教材,并发表多篇学术文章,主要研究方向为美学、存在主义、释经学。 亨利·纳尔多内(Henry Nardone)是国王学院的哲学荣誉退休教授,已发表多篇关于批判性思维和美学的学术文章。 詹姆斯·M. 华莱士(James M. Wallace)是国王学院的英语教授,多次出席关于写作教学、文学研究、批判性思维等主题的会议,已在同行评审期刊上发表文章。

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