语言学入门

1 Introduction 1.1 What Is Linguistics? 1.2 Descriptivism vs Prescriptivism 1.3 What Is Language? 1.4 Language and Speech 1.5 Language and Medium 1.6 Two-Part Structure of Sign Systems 1.7 Three Substructures of Language 1.8 What Is Grammar? Summary Self- Study Activities Further Reading Outline 2 Phonetics 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Speech Organs 2.3 Sounds of Language 2.4 Vowels 2.5 Sounds beyond Those in English Summary Self-Study Activities Further Reading Outline 3 Phonology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Speech Segments 3.3 Allophones 3.4 Phonological Rules 3.5 Suprasegrnentals Summary Self-Study Activities Further Reading Outline 4 Morphology 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Morphemes 4.3 Morphological Processes: Inflection and Derivation 4.4 Compound Words Summary Self-Study Activities Further Reading Outline 5 Syntax 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Basic Syntactic Notions 5.3 Word Classes 5.4 Phrase 5.5 Clause 5.6 Sentence 5.7 Deep Structure and Surface Structure