中国创业观察

第1篇导论 绪言 0．1创业活动的结构 0．2数据来源 0．3本书的篇章结构 第1章对创业活动的结构认识 1．1创业活动及其表现 1．2全球创业观察概念框架的组成 1．3创业活动的结构指标 1．4全球创业观察的专题研究 第2篇特 征 结 构 第2章青年创业 2．1青年创业的年龄分布 2．2青年创业的特征 2．3青年创业的质量 2．4青年对待创业的态度 2.5小结 第3章女性创业 3．1女性创业的活跃程度及趋势 3．2我国女性创业活动的结构特征 3．3我国女性创业活动的质量特征 3．4女性对待创业活动的态度 3.5小结 第4章老年创业 4．1中国老年创业概貌 4．2中国老年创业质量 4．3影响老年创业的主要因素 4．4小结 第5章社会创业 5．1广义的社会创业活动 5．2狭义的社会创业活动 5．3社会创业活动的质量 5．4社会创业活动的特征 5.5小结 第6章服务业创业 6．1全球创业观察研究的行业分类及服务业构成 6．2我国服务业创业的构成和发展趋势 6．3不同类型服务业的创业 6．4服务业创业活动产业分布的国际比较 6．5小结 第3篇质 量 结 构 〉〉中国创业观察——创业活动的结构分析 目录〈〈 第7章创新型创业 7．1新产品/新服务 7．2新市场 7．3创新指数 7．4不同时期创新型创业者的特征 7．5创新型创业的社会网络 7．6创新型创业的国际化 7．7小结 第8章高成长创业 8．1高预期型和高成长型创业活动 8．2高成长创业活动的特征 8．3高成长创业活动的质量 8.4小结 第9章国际创业 9．1我国创业的国际化程度 9．2我国国际创业活动的国际比较 9．3国际创业者的自我效能 9．4天生国际化的创业企业 9．5不同类型创业活动的国际创业 9．6小结 第10章创业带动就业效应 10．1我国创业活动的就业效应及趋势 10．2创业带动就业能力的国际比较 10．3不同特征结构创业活动的就业效应 10．4不同质量结构创业活动的就业效应 10．5创业的结构和质量特征对创业带动就业效应的影响 10．6小结 第11章创业退出 11．1创业退出的变化趋势 11．2创业退出的原因 11．3创业退出的群体特征 11．4早期创业活动的退出 11.5小结 第4篇区 域 结 构 第12章区域创业活动 12．1我国区域创业活动的水平及态势 12．2区域创业活动差异的影响因素 12．3两类地区创业活动影响因素的分析 12．4小结 第13章我国主要城市的创业环境 13．1主要城市创业环境评价体系 13．2主要城市创业环境评价结果 13．3主要城市创业环境的区域差异 13．4小结 第5篇国际多边结构 第14章二十国集团和金砖国家创业活动的比较 14．1创业活动的共性 14．2创业活动的差异 14．3创业活动的环境比较 14．4小结 第6篇生态环境结构 第15章创业环境 15．1创业环境综合指数 15．2创业环境条件 15．3我国创业环境的变化 15．4小结 第16章创业文化 16．1个人认知 16．2社会认知 16．3社会和文化规范 16．4小结 附录1全球创业观察的方法论概述 附录2历年全球创业观察中国报告发布稿辑要 Contents Part ⅠIntroduction Preface3 0.1Structure of Entrepreneurial Activities3 0.2Data Sources4 0.3Chapter Structure of The Book 5 Chapter 1Structural Understanding of Entrepreneurial Activities7 1.1Entrepreneurial Activities and Their Output 7 1.2Composition of the GEM Conceptual Framework8 1.3Structural Indicators of Entrepreneurial Activities9 1.4GEM Special Research 13 Part ⅡCharacteristics Structure Chapter 2Youth Entrepreneurship17 2.1Age Distribution of Youth Entrepreneurship 17 2.2Characteristics of Youth Entrepreneurship 18 2.3Quality of Youth Entrepreneurship 24 2.4Attitudes of Youth Towards Entrepreneurship 27 2.5Summary 33 Chapter 3Women Entrepreneurship 34 3.1Level of Women Entrepreneurship Activities and Trends 34 3.2Characteristics of Women Entrepreneurship in China 35 3.3Quality of Women Entrepreneurship in China 40 3.4Attitudes of Women Towards Entrepreneurship 43 3.5Summary 48 Chapter 4Senior Entrepreneurship 50 4.1Overview of Senior Entrepreneurship in China 50 4.2Quality of Senior Entrepreneurship in China 56 4.3Main factors affecting Senior Entrepreneurship 61 4.4Summary64 Chapter 5Social Entrepreneurship 66 5.1Social Entrepreneurship in Broad Definition 66 5.2Social Entrepreneurship in Narrow Definition 69 5.3Quality of Social Entrepreneurship 71 5.4Characteristics of Social Entrepreneurship74 5.5Summary80 〉〉中国创业观察——创业活动的结构分析 Contents〈〈 Chapter 6Service Sectors Entrepreneurship82 6.1Classification and Composition of Service Sector in GEM82 6.2Composition and Trends of Service Sectors Entrepreneurship in China 83 6.3Entrepreneurial Activities in Different Service Sectors 86 6.4Global Comparison in Distribution of Service Sectors Entrepreneurship95 6.5Summary99 Part ⅢQuality Structure Chapter 7Innovationbased Entrepreneurship103 7.1New Products/Services103 7.2New Market106 7.3Innovation Index106 7.4Characteristics of Innovative Entrepreneurs in Different Stages107 7.5Social Networks of Innovationbased Entrepreneurship109 7.6Internationalization of Innovationbased Entrepreneurship110 7.7Summary114 Chapter 8HighGrowth Entrepreneurship116 8.1HighExpectation and HighGrowth Entrepreneurship116 8.2Characteristics of HighGrowth Entrepreneurship118 8.3Quality of HighGrowth Entrepreneurship123 8.4Summary134 Chapter 9International Entrepreneurship135 9.1Level of Internationalization of Entrepreneurship in China135 9.2Global Comparison in International Entrepreneurship137 9.3SelfEfficacy of International Entrepreneurs140 9.4Born Global Startups142 9.5Internationalization of Different Types of Entrepreneurial Activities145 9.6Summary150 Chapter 10Employment Effects of Entrepreneurship152 10.1Employment Effects of Entrepreneurship in China and their Trends152 10.2Global Comparison in Capacity of Job Creation of Entrepreneurship154 10.3Job Creation Capacity of Entrepreneurship with Different Characteristics157 10.4Job Creation Capacity of Entrepreneurship with Different Quality162 10.5Characteristics and Quality impacts on Job Creation of Entrepreneurship165 10.6Summary168 Chapter 11Business Exits170 11.1Changing Trends of Business Exits170 11.2Reasons for Business Exits171 11.3Group Characteristics of Exited Startups175 11.4Business Exits of EarlyStage Entrepreneurial Activities181 11.5Summary186 Part ⅣRegional Structure Chapter 12Regional Entrepreneurial Activities189 12.1Level and Trends of Regional Entrepreneurial Activities in China189 12.2Factors of Difference in Regional Entrepreneurial Activities193 12.3Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Activities in two types of regions196 12.4Summary197 Chapter 13Entrepreneurship Environment of Major Cities in China199 13.1Evaluation System199 13.2Evaluation Results200 13.3Regional Difference208 13.4Summary214 Part ⅤInternational Multilateral Structure Chapter 14Comparison in Entrepreneurial Activities Between G20 and BRICS217 14.1Commonalities in Entrepreneurial Activities218 14.2Differences in Entrepreneurial Activities229 14.3Comparison in Environments for Entrepreneurial Activities239 14.4Summary249 Part ⅥEcosystem Structure Chapter 15Entrepreneurship Environment253 15.1Comprehensive Index for Entrepreneurship Environment of China253 15.2Framework Conditions of Entrepreneurship Environment of China254 15.3Changes in Entrepreneurship Environment in China264 15.4Summary268 Chapter 16Entrepreneurial Culture270 16.1SelfPerceptions270 16.2SocialPerceptions280 16.3Social and Cultural Norms287 16.4Summary290 Appendix 1Overview of GEM Methodology291 Appendix 2Summary of Public Releases of GEM China Reports Over Time292