看就业选专业——报好高考志愿(2022年版)

目 录 第1章 为什么需要这样一本书 1.1 考得好不如报得好 ········································································2 1.2 怎样报赢高考 ··············································································6 1.2.1 选大学，不要迷信大学综合排名 ························································7 1.2.2 根据职业规划选专业 ·······································································8 1.2.3 基于就业信息确定就业目标 ····························································12 1.3 内容导航 ···················································································15 第2章 专业“就业详单” 2.1 专业就业情况概览 ·······································································19 2.2 专业“红黄绿牌” ·······································································32 2.2.1 哪些专业的就业堪忧 ·····································································33 2.2.2 哪些专业有就业前景 ·····································································37 \f VIII 看就业 选专业——报好高考志愿(2022年版) 2.3 从“毕业后做什么”看专业 ···························································42 2.3.1 各专业毕业生从事的职业 ·······························································43 2.3.2 各专业毕业生进入的行业 ·······························································60 第3章 从就业薪资高低选专业 3.1 院校收入分析 ·············································································78 3.2 地方收入分析 ·············································································82 3.2.1 经济区域就业的月收入变化趋势 ······················································83 3.2.2 不同城市类型的月收入差异 ····························································85 3.3 各专业的收入分析 ·······································································89 第4章 从职业规划入手选专业 4.1 你适合什么职业 ········································································109 4.2 揭开职业的神秘面纱 ···································································115 4.3 从高薪职业看专业 ·····································································145 4.4 行业需求、薪资速查 ··································································150 第5章 另类思路选专业 5.1 男/女生都有就业优势的专业 ························································160 5.2 从工作相关度高低选专业 ····························································168 5.3 从职业期待吻合度高低选专业 ······················································171 5.4 从就业满意度高低选专业 ····························································173 \f IX 目 录 5.5 专升本、读研、留学比例高的专业 ················································175 5.6 自主创业比例高的专业 ·······························································188 5.7 离职率高的专业 ········································································197 第6章 疫情影响下的高考志愿填报 6.1 疫情对不同行业就业的影响 ·························································201 6.1.1 服务性产业受冲击较大 ·································································201 6.1.2 政策性岗位对“稳就业”“保就业”起到重要作用 ·····························203 6.1.3 刚需产业是保障就业的“稳定器” ··················································204 6.1.4 新兴岗位成为制造业中需求增长亮点 ···············································205 6.2 疫情对升学、考公的影响 ····························································207 6.3 乡村振兴战略下涉农人才需求增加 ················································208 第7章 填报高考志愿时常见问题的解答 7.1 如何填报高考志愿 ·····································································213 问题1：填报志愿时应考虑哪些因素··························································213 问题2：在志愿填报之前应该了解哪些信息？如何了解 ·································213 问题3：在填报志愿时，选专业和选学校哪个 重要 ····································214 问题4：在选择专业时，是否应以未来收入为标杆········································214 7.2 专业选择和职业规划 ··································································214 问题1：性格比较内向和外向的人，选什么专业比较合适 ······························214 问题2：新的热门专业是否代表未来也是热门职业呢 ····································214 问题3：不少新专业是由原来的专科提升演变而来的，这些专业成为本科专业后， 教学基础是否牢靠······································································215 \f 问题4：如何判断“热门”专业是否适合自己··············································215 问题5：收费高的专业就一定好吗，好专业就一定收费高吗 ···························215 附 录 大学生 有可能从事的常见职业列表 \f 图表目录 图1-1 2021年度本科毕业生读研转换专业的比例 ······················································10 图1-2 2021年度本科毕业生读研的主要动机 ····························································10 图1-3 2021年度高职毕业生读本科的原因 ································································11 图1-4 全书内容导图···························································································16 表2-1 麦可思2021年度本科专业门类的各项就业指标 ················································21 表2-2 麦可思2021年度本科各主要专业的就业指标 ···················································22 表2-3 麦可思2021年度高职专业大类的各项就业指标 ················································27 表2-4 麦可思2021年度高职各主要专业的就业指标 ···················································28 表2-5 麦可思2021年“红黄绿牌”本科专业名单 ······················································33 表2-6 麦可思2021年“红黄绿牌”高职专业名单 ······················································33 表2-7 麦可思2021年度就业率较低的本科和高职专业(前10位) ·····································34 表2-8 麦可思2021年度毕业生规模较大的本科和高职专业中 就业率较低的专业(前10位) ··········································································34 表2-9 麦可思2021年度平均月收入较低的本科和高职专业(前10位) ·······························35 表2-10 麦可思2021年度毕业生规模较大的本科和高职专业中 收入较低的本科和高职专业(前10位) ····························································36 表2-11 麦可思2021年度就业率较高的本科和高职专业(前50位) ····································37 表2-12 麦可思2021年度毕业生规模较大的本科和高职专业中 就业率较高的专业(前10位) ········································································40 表2-13 麦可思2021年度毕业三年内毕业生职位晋升比例较高的 主要本科专业类和高职专业类(前10位) ·························································41 \f XII 看就业 选专业——报好高考志愿(2022年版) 表2-14 麦可思2021年度毕业三年内毕业生职位晋升次数较高的 主要本科专业类和高职专业类(前10位) ·························································41 表2-15 麦可思2021年度本科各主要专业的毕业生毕业半年后的职业流向(前3位) ·············43 表2-16 麦可思2021年度高职各主要专业的毕业生毕业半年后的职业流向(前3位) ·············52 表2-17 麦可思2021年度本科各主要专业的毕业生毕业半年后的行业流向(前3位) ·············61 表2-18 麦可思2021年度高职各主要专业的毕业生毕业半年后的行业流向(前3位) ·············69 图3-1 2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后的月收入 ······················································79 图3-2 2021年度各类本科院校毕业生毕业半年后的月收入 ··········································79 图3-3 2021年度本科毕业生毕业三年后的月收入与涨幅(与2017届半年后对比) ················80 图3-4 2021年度本科毕业生毕业五年后的月收入与涨幅(与2015届半年后、三年后对比) ····80 图3-5 2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后的月收入 ······················································81 图3-6 2021年度各类高职院校毕业生毕业半年后的月收入 ··········································81 图3-7 2021年度高职毕业生毕业三年后的月收入与涨幅(与2017届半年后对比) ················82 图3-8 2021年度高职毕业生毕业五年后的月收入与涨幅(与2015届半年后对比) ················82 表3-1 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后在各经济区域就业的月收入 ·····················83 表3-2 麦可思2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后在各经济区域就业的月收入 ·····················83 表3-3 麦可思2021年度(2017届)本科毕业生毕业三年后在各经济区域就业的 月收入与涨幅···························································································84 表3-4 麦可思2021年度(2017届)高职毕业生毕业三年后在各经济区域就业的 月收入与涨幅···························································································84 图3-9 2021年度本科毕业生在一线、新一线城市就业的比例变化趋势 ···························85 图3-10 2021年度高职毕业生在一线、新一线城市就业的比例变化趋势 ··························86 图3-11 2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后在一线、新一线城市的就业满意度 ····················86 图3-12 2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后在一线、新一线城市的就业满意度变化趋势 ········87 图3-13 2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后在一线、新一线城市就业的月收入 ····················87 图3-14 2021年度(2017届)本科毕业生毕业三年后在一线、新一线城市就业的 月收入与涨幅 ·························································································88 图3-15 2021年度(2015届)本科毕业生毕业五年后在一线、新一线城市就业的月收入与涨幅 (与2015届半年后、三年后对比) ··································································88 图3-16 2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后在一线、新一线城市就业的月收入 ···················89 图3-17 2021年度高职毕业生毕业三年后在一线、新一线城市就业的月收入 ····················89 表3-5 麦可思2021年度本科各学科门类毕业半年后的月收入 ·······································90 表3-6 麦可思2021年度高职各专业大类毕业半年后的月收入 ·······································90 表3-7 麦可思2021年度(2017届)本科各学科门类毕业三年后的月收入与涨幅 ···················91 表3-8 麦可思2021年度(2017届)高职各专业大类毕业三年后的月收入与涨幅 ···················92 \f XIII 图表目录 表3-9 麦可思2021年度本科主要专业类毕业半年后的月收入 ·······································92 表3-10 麦可思2021年度高职主要专业类毕业半年后的月收入 ······································94 表3-11 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后月收入增长 快的 前十位专业类(与2018届对比) ·······································································96 表3-12 麦可思2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后月收入增长 快的 前十位专业类(与2018届对比) ·······································································96 表3-13 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后月收入增长 慢的 前十位专业类(与2018届对比) ·······································································97 表3-14 麦可思2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后月收入增长 慢的 前十位专业类(与2018届对比) ·····································································97 表3-15 麦可思2021年度(2017届)本科主要专业类毕业三年后的月收入与涨幅 ··················98 表3-16 麦可思2021年度(2017届)高职主要专业类毕业三年后的月收入与涨幅 ··················99 表3-17 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后月收入排前50位的主要专业 ···················101 表3-18 麦可思2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后月收入排前50位的主要专业 ···················101 表4-1 研究型人格与适合的职业范围 ····································································105 表4-2 研究型—计算机系统软件工程技术人员的真实职业环境 ································106 表4-3 张亮所选择的专业与对应的职业 (附：工作与专业相关度和毕业半年后的平均月收入) ·······································109 图4-1 霍兰德6种人格类型 ··················································································110 表4-4 6种人格类型与适合的职业范围 ···································································113 表4-5 现实型—土木工程技术人员的真实职业环境一览表 ······································116 表4-6 现实型—机械绘图人员的真实职业环境一览表 ············································119 表4-7 研究型—产品安全工程技术人员的真实职业环境一览表 ································121 表4-8 艺术型—记者的真实职业环境一览表 ························································124 表4-9 艺术型—室内设计师的真实职业环境一览表 ···············································126 表4-10 社会型—法律职员的真实职业环境一览表 ·················································129 表4-11 社会型—公关专员的真实职业环境一览表 ·················································131 表4-12 企业型—个人理财顾问的真实职业环境一览表 ···········································134 表4-13 企业型—人力资源经理的真实职业环境一览表 ···········································137 表4-14 事务型—会计的真实职业环境一览表 ·······················································140 表4-15 事务型—货运代理的真实职业环境一览表 ·················································142 表4-16 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生所从事的10个高薪职业及其对应专业 (附：工作与专业相关度和毕业半年后的平均月收入) ·····································145 表4-17 麦可思2021年度高职毕业生所从事的10个高薪职业及其对应专业 (附：工作与专业相关度和毕业半年后的平均月收入) ·····································147 \f 表4-18 麦可思2021年度大学毕业生毕业半年后月收入较低的职业(前10位) ····················148 表4-19 麦可思2021年度大学毕业生从事的专业门槛较高的职业(前20位) ·······················148 表4-20 麦可思2021年度大学毕业生从事的专业门槛较低的职业(前20位) ·······················149 表4-21 麦可思2021年度本科高薪行业及其所对应的职业(前5位) ·································150 表4-22 麦可思2021年度高职高薪行业及其所对应的职业(前5位) ·································152 表4-23 麦可思2021年度本科需求量大的行业及其所对应的职业(前5位) ························154 表4-24 麦可思2021年度高职需求量大的行业及其所对应的职业(前5位) ························155 表5-1 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生薪资五星级 () 本科专业榜(前20位)············································································160 表5-2 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生薪资五星级() 高职专业榜(前20位)············································································161 表5-3 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生就业率五星级() 本科专业榜(前20位)············································································162 表5-4 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生就业率五星级() 高职专业榜(前20位)············································································163 表5-5 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生就业满意度五星级() 本科专业榜(前20位)···········································································164 表5-6 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生就业满意度五星级() 高职专业榜(前20位)············································································165 表5-7 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生专业相关度五星级() 本科专业榜(前20位)············································································166 表5-8 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生专业相关度五星级() 高职专业榜(前20位)············································································167 表5-9 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生从事相关工作比例高的专业(前20位) ························169 表5-10 麦可思2021年度高职毕业生从事相关工作比例高的专业(前20位) ·······················169 表5-11 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生从事相关工作比例低的专业(前10位) ·······················171 表5-12 麦可思2021年度高职毕业生从事相关工作比例低的专业(前10位) ·······················171 表5-13 麦可思2021年度职业期待吻合度较高的主要本科专业(前10位) ··························172 表5-14 麦可思2021年度职业期待吻合度较高的主要高职专业(前10位) ··························172 表5-15 麦可思2021年度职业期待吻合度较低的主要本科专业(前10位) ··························172 表5-16 麦可思2021年度职业期待吻合度较低的主要高职专业(前10位) ··························173 表5-17 麦可思2021年度就业现状满意度较高的主要本科专业(前10位) ··························173 表5-18 麦可思2021年度就业现状满意度较高的主要高职专业(前10位) ··························174 表5-19 麦可思2021年度就业现状满意度较低的主要本科专业(前10位) ··························174 表5-20 麦可思2021年度就业现状满意度较低的主要高职专业(前10位) ··························175 \f 图5-1 2021年度高职毕业生读本科的比例 ······························································176 图5-2 2021年度各类高职院校毕业生读本科的比例 ··················································176 表5-21 麦可思2021年度高职各专业大类读本科的比例 ··············································177 表5-22 麦可思2021年度专升本比例高的高职专业排行榜(前20位) ································177 图5-3 2021年度本科毕业生 读研的比例 ···························································178 图5-4 2021年度(2017届、2016届)本科毕业生毕业半年后准备考研群体三年后的 学历提升情况··························································································179 图5-5 2021年度本科毕业生读研转换专业的比例 ·····················································179 表5-23 麦可思2021年度本科各学科门类读研比例 ····················································180 表5-24 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生读研的主要研究生专业类分布 ·······························180 表5-25 麦可思2021年度毕业即留在 读研比例高的本科专业排行榜(前20位) ··············182 表5-26 麦可思2021年度本科各学科门类读研转换专业比例 ········································182 图5-6 2021年度本科毕业生留学的比例 ·································································183 表5-27 麦可思2021年度本科各学科门类留学比例 ····················································184 图5-7 2021年度本科毕业生留学的主要专业类分布 ··················································184 表5-28 麦可思2021年度毕业即出国留学比例高的本科专业排行榜(前20位) ····················185 图5-8 2021年度(2017届)高职毕业生毕业三年后学历提升人群和学历未提升人群的 就业满意度·····························································································186 图5-9 2021年度(2017届)高职毕业生毕业三年后学历提升人群和学历未提升人群的 月收入对比·····························································································186 图5-10 2021年度(2015届)本科毕业生毕业五年后学历提升人群和学历未提升人群的就业 满意度对比 ···························································································187 图5-11 2021年度(2015届)本科毕业生毕业五年后学历提升人群和学历未提升人群的 月收入对比 ···························································································187 图5-12 2021年度(2015届)本科毕业生毕业半年后 读研与留学人群五年后就业的 用人单位类型对比 ··················································································188 图5-13 2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后自主创业的比例变化趋势 ·······························189 图5-14 2021年度(2015届)本科毕业生毕业五年后自主创业的比例(与2015届半年后、 三年后对比) ··························································································189 图5-15 2021年度各类高职院校毕业生毕业半年后自主创业的比例变化趋势 ···················190 图5-16 2021年度(2017届)高职毕业生毕业三年后自主创业的比例(与2017届半年后对比) ···190 图5-17 2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后自主创业的月收入 ········································191 图5-18 2021年度(2015届)本科毕业生毕业五年后自主创业的月收入(与2015届三年后、 半年后对比) ··························································································191 图5-19 2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后自主创业的月收入 ·····················