牛津地理学词典

abime An upright or near vertical shaft in an area of *karst geomorphology. abiotic Not living,non-biological,usually describing factors in an ecosystem such as atmospheric gases.inorganic salts,mineral soil particles,and water.This expression is also used to describe the chemical and physical factors, such as salinity and humidity, which influence organisms. An abiotic environment is one without any life. ablation loss of snow and ice from a glacier by, for example, melting and evaporation.Ablation also results from *sublimation, the *calving of icebergs, and *avalanches.