包邮大学英语阅读与写作

    阅读和写作是学习语言的两项重要技能，也是大学英语教学的重要内容。
阅读是掌握语言知识，获取信息，提高听、说、读、写、译能力的基础，写作
是语言输出的重要方式。无论是初、高中的升学考试，大学英语四、六级考试、
职称外语考试，还是研究生入学考试、出国留学的雅思、托福、GRE考试等，
都把阅读和写作列为重要的考查项目，且都占50％左右的分量。因此，在各种
考试中，阅读理解和写作得分的高低，对考试总分的高低往往起着决定性的作
用。
    1999年修订的《大学英语教学大纲》以及2004年教育部颁布的《大学英
语课程教学要求(试行)》，都把阅读和写作能力的培养和提高列为**层次的
教学目标。大学英语四级考试是由国家教育部组织的一项大规模标准化考试，
目的是检查和督促大学英语课程教学大纲的实施，推动大学英语教学改革，进
而提高大学英语的教学质量。本书以*新颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求(试
行)》为指导，以“高效实用”为编写原则，详尽地介绍了大学英语四级考试中
阅读和写作的特点和应试的策略、思路和方法，旨在激发学生的阅读兴趣，培
养语感，强化阅读和写作技能。
    本书分为两大部分：**部分是阅读理解篇。主要通过实例分析和讲解，介绍快速阅
读理解、篇章词汇阅读和篇章详细阅读等的解题思路和解题技巧。第二部分是写作篇。主
要通过对写作基础知识介绍和考生常见的写作错误分析，介绍不同体裁和题材的作文写作
思路和方法。适用于普通高校在校大学生英语学习，也适合自学者为提高英语阅读和写作
能力之用。
    本书由洛阳理工学院薄锐利副教授主编，洛阳理工学院、河南大学和开封
教育学院的专职英语教师参与编写。
    由于时间仓促和编者水平不及，难免有疏漏和不当之处，恳请读者朋友批
评指正。
    编  者
    2008年3月

第五章  阅读理解训练与提高
    **=IIi真题与详解
一、06年6月真题与详解
    PartⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scfinning)  (15 minutes)
    Directioas：In this Part,you will have J5 mfnutes to go  over the passagc guickly and，answer
the guestions on Answer Sheet l．
    FOr questions l一7．mark
    y(for YES）if the statement agrees with the information giren in the passage,
    N tf=Dr NO)iflhe statement contradicts thc informationgiven in the passage；
    NG(for NOT GVEN）if the information is not gfven in the passage．
    For questiOhS 8一10, complete the  sentences with the fnformation gjven in the passagc．
    Highway
    Early in the 20“century，most Of the streets and ronds in the U．S．were made Of dirt，brick and
cedar WOOd b10cks．Buill f；or horse，carriage and f；oOt traffic，they were usually poorly cared f=0r and
t00 narrow tO accomiBodate autOmobiles．   
    With the increase Of auto prOductiOn，priVate tumpike companies under local authOrities began
tO spring up，and by 192l there were 389，000 miles Of paved roads．Many were built using
specmcatioas of 10ceatury Scottish engineers Thomas 1elf；0rd and John Mac Adam(f=0r whom
the macadam surface is named)，whose specifications str℃ssed the importance of adequate drainage．
BeyOnd that，there were nO national standards f；0r size，weight restrictioas，Or commercial sign．
During World War I，ronds throughout the country were nearly destIDyed by the weight Of trucks．
When General Eiseahower returned from Germany in 1919，after serving in the U．S．ariBy’s hrst
tIanscontiileatal motOr convoy，he nOted，“The 0ld convoy had started me thinking about gOOd，
twO·lane highways，but Germany’s autobahn Or motorway had made me see the wisdom Of bronder
ribboas across the land．”
    It would take another war bef；0re thefederal government WOHld act on a national highway
 system．During World War II，a tremendous increase in trucks and new ronds were required．The
war demonstrated hOw critical highways were tO the defeuse effort．Thirteen percent Of def也nse
plants receiVed aIl their supplies by track，and almost aU Other plants shipped more[han half of
their prOdacts by Vehicle．The war alsO revealed that local contrOl Of highways had led tO a
confUsing variety Of design standards．Even fe deral and state highways did nOt fbllow basic
 standards．Some states allowed trucks up to 36，OOO pounds，while others restricted anything OVer
7，000 pounds．A govemment study recommended a natiOaal highway system Of 33，920 miles and
congress passed the Federal．Aid Highway Act Of 1 944，which called fbr strict，ceatrally controlled
design criteria．
    The interstate highway system was fiually lauriched in 1 956 and has been hailed as one of the
greatest public wotks projects 0f the ceatury．To build its 44，000—miIe web of hi扣ways，bridges，
and tunnels handreds of unique engineeting designs and sOlutioas had tO be wotked ont．COhSider
the many geographic f=eatures Of the country；mountains，steep grades，wetlands，rivers，desens and
plains．Variables included the slope 0f the laNd，the ability Of the pavement tO suppOrt the lOad，t11e
intensitv Of the road use，and the uature Of the underlying sOil．Urban areas were another problem·
Innovative designs Of roadways，tunnels，bridges，overpasscs，and interchanges that could run
throngh 0rbypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country，fofever altenng
the face Of American．
    Long—span，segmented—concrete，cable—stayed bridges sach as Hale Boggs in LOUisiana and the
 Sunshine SkVwaV in FlOrida，and remarkable tunnels like FOrt McHenry in Maryland and Mr
 Baker in Washington met many Of the natiOn's physical challenges．Traffic COBtrOl systems and
 methOds  Of construction  developed  under  the  interstate program  soon  influenced  highway
 constructioB around the world，and were invaluable in improving the condition Of urban streets and
traffic patterns．
    Today，the interstate system links every major city in the U．S．，and the U．S．with Canada and
 MexicO．Built with safety in mind，the highways have wide laries and shonlders，diViding mediaris，
Or barriers，lOng entry and exit lanes，curves engineered fbr safetuIlls，and 1imited access．The
 death rate on highway s is half that of a11 other u．S．roads(0．86 deaths per 100 million passenger
 miles compared to 1．99 deaths per 100 mⅢion on all Other roads)
    BV opening che NOrth American contihent，highways have enabled consumer goods and
 services t0 teach people in remote and rural areas Of the courttry，spumed the grOWth Of suburbs，
aRd provided people with gIeater options in terms of jobs，access to caltural programs，health care，
and Other beriefits．Above all，the interstate system provides indiViduals with what they cherish
 most：personal f庀edom Of mobility．
    The interstate svstem has been an essential element Of the uatiOh'S economic growth in terms
 of shipping and job creation：more than 75 percent of the nation's freight deliVeries arrive by track，
and most prodncts that arriye bv rail or air use interstates f；or the 1ast leg of the joumey by vehicle．
NOt onlV has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping rontes，it
 has led tO the growth Of spin—Off industries like service stations，motels，restaurants，aBd shopping
 ceaters．It has anOwed the relocation Of mannfacturing plants and Other industries from urban areas
 tO ratal．
    Bv the end Of the century there was an immense network Of paved roads，residential streets，
  expresswaVs，and freeways built tO support milliOns Of vehicles．The high way system was
  Officiallv renamed f=0r Eisenhower tO honor his vision and leadership．The year construction began
  he said，“Together，the united fbrces Of our communication and transportation systems are dynamlc
elements in the very name we bear--United States．WithOUt them，we would be a mere alliance Of
 many separate parts．”   
    注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1上作答。
    1．NatiOnal standards fbr paved roads were in place by l 92 1．
    2．General Eisenhowerfe lt that the broad German motOrways made more sense than the
 tWO-lane highways Of America．
    3．It was in the l 950s that the American government finally tOOk action tO build a natiOnal
 highway system．
    4．Many Of the problems presented by the country’s geographical featutes f；ound solutions in
 innovative engineering proiects．
    5．In spite Of safety considerations，the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than
 that Of OtherAmerican roads．
    6．The interstate hi扣way system provides access between major military installations in
 America．
    7．Service statiOns，motels and restaurants promoted the develOpment of the    interstate
 highway system．
    8．The greatest beriefit brou扣t about by the interstate sysIem was——．
    9．Trucks using the interstate highways deliVer more than——．
    1 0．The interstate system was renamed after Eiseahower in recognition oI——．
    PartⅣReading COIllprehension(Reading in Depth)  (25 alinutes)
    Section A
    Directioas：In this section there is a passage with ten blanks you are required to select one
 word for each blank from a list of choices  given in a word bank following the passage Read the
 passage through carefully before making your choides Each choice in the bank is identified by a
 letter Please mark the corresponding letter  for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line
 through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.