软件工程专业英语(第2版)

目 录

PART　I Foundations　7

Chapter　1　8

Software　Engineering　8

Competencies　8

1.1　Software Engineering　9

1.1.1　An Overview of Software Engineering　9

1.1.2　Software Process Model　11

1.1.3　Phases of Software Development　14

1.1.4　Methodology of Software Development　16

1.2　Software Requirements　17

1.2.1　What are Software Requirements　17

1.2.2　Categories of Software Requirements　18

1.2.3　Requirements Engineering process (RE)　19

1.2.4　Software Requirement Specification (SRS)　20

1.3　Designing the System　21

1.3.1　The Goals of Designing Phase　21

1.3.2　The Design Process　22

1.3.3　Software Designing Concepts　22

1.3.4　Developing a Design Model　25

1.4　Testing the System　25

1.4.1　Software Testing Fundamentals　26

1.4.2　Different Levels of Testing　27

1.4.3　Types of Testing Technique　29

1.5　Software Reengineering　30

1.5.1　Origin of Reengineering　31

1.5.2　A Software Reengineering Model　32

1.5.3　Software Reengineering Activities　33

Concepts　36

Terms　37

Reading　1 Cloud-Based Software Crowdsourcing　40

Reading　2 Test Driven Development　42

Reading　3 AiXcoder　44

Multiple　Choice　45

True/False　Questions　47

Fill　in the Blanks　47

References　48

Chapter　2　49

Mobile　Computers　49

Competencies　49

2.1　An Overview of Mobile Computers　50

2.1.1　Types of Mobile Computers　50

2.1.2　Features of Mobile Computers　52

2.1.3　CPU Architectures of Mobile Computers　53

2.1.4　Mobile Operating Systems　54

2.1.5　Mobile Apps　57

2.2　Smartphones　57

2.2.1　Functions　58

2.2.2　iPhone　60

2.3　Android Operating System　65

2.3.1　The Origin of Android　66

2.3.2　Android User Interface　67

2.3.3　Android Architecture　68

Concepts　70

Terms　70

Reading　1 Future Developments for Smartphones　73

Reading　2 Smartphones and Poor Sight　74

Reading　3 Android Software Development Tools　74

Multiple　Choice　76

True/False　Questions　78

Fill　in the Blanks　78

Reference　79

Chapter　3　80

Data　Management and Databases　80

Competencies　80

3.1　An Overview of Database Systems　81

3.1.1　The Fundamental Concepts of Database　81

3.1.2　Evolution of Database Technology　83

3.1.3　Advantages of Database Management Systems (DBMSs)　84

3.1.4　Data Models　85

3.1.5　Entity-Relationship Model　86

3.1.6　Levels of Abstraction in a DBMS　87

3.2　Relational Databases　89

3.2.1　Overview of relational database　89

3.2.2　Integrity Constraints over Relation　90

3.2.3　Relational algebra　91

3.3　Database Design　93

3.3.1　Requirements Analysis　94

3.3.2　Conceptual Database Design　94

3.3.3　Logical Database Design　94

3.3.4　Schema Refinement　95

3.3.5　Physical Database Design　95

3.3.6　Application and Security Design　95

3.4　Main Memory Databases　96

3.4.1　An Overview of Main Memory Database　97

3.4.2　The Evolution of Main Memory Database　98

3.4.3　The Key Technology of Main Memory Databases　99

Concepts　102

Terms　103

Reading　1 KingbaseES　106

Reading　2 MongoDB　108

Multiple　Choice　111

True/False　Questions　113

Fill　in the Blanks　114

References　115

Chapter　4　116

Networking　and Security　116

Competencies　116

4.1　LAN　116

4.1.1　Ethernet LAN　117

4.1.2　Packets—Data Transmission　118

4.1.3　Ethernet—Sending One Packet　118

4.1.4　Wi-Fi　119

4.1.5　A Summary of Ethernet Design　119

4.2　TCP/IP　120

4.2.1　IP Address　120

4.2.2　Domain Names　121

4.2.3　Router　121

4.2.4　What does it Mean to be on the Internet　121

4.2.5　Ping　122

4.2.6　Traceroute　122

4.3　Security　123

4.3.1　Computer—A Castle　123

4.3.2　Password Attacks　123

4.3.3　Phishing Attacks　125

4.3.4　Malware Attacks　126

4.3.5　Safety Recap　128

Concepts　128

Terms　129

Reading　1 Networking　130

Reading　2 TCP/IP　132

Multiple　Choice　134

True/False　Questions　137

Fill　in the Blanks　137

Reference　138

Part　II New Technologies　139

Chapter 5　140

Deep　Learning　140

Competencies　140

5.1　Evolution of neural network　140

5.1.1　Deep Learning and Neural Network　141

5.1.2　The first wave of neural network research　142

5.1.3　The second wave of neural network research　142

5.1.4　The third wave of neural network research　143

5.2　Structure of Deep Neural Network　144

5.2.1　Hierarchical structure　145

5.2.2　Neurons　145

5.2.3　Computing　145

5.3　Categories of Deep Neural Network　145

5.3.1　Feedforward Neural Network (FNN)　146

5.3.2　Convolutional neural network (CNN)　146

5.3.3　Recursive neural network (RNN)　147

5.4　Applications of Deep Learning　148

5.4.1　Automatic speech recognition　148

5.4.2　Computer vision　149

5.4.3　Natural language processing　150

Concepts　151

Terms　151

Reading　1 iFlytek: The voice of AI　153

Reading　2 Deep Learning Transforming the Retail Industry　156

Reading　3 Providing Better Customer Service Strategy　157

Multiple　Choice　158

True/False　Questions　160

Fill　in the Blanks　161

Reference　162

Chapter 6　163

Big　Data　163

Competencies　163

6.1　Big Data Basics　164

6.1.1　Big Data and its Properties　164

6.1.2　Categories of Big Data　166

6.1.3　Big Value of Big Data　167

6.1.4　Jim Gray’s Fourth Paradigm　169

6.1.5　Evolution of Data Management　170

6.1.6　Big Data Challenges　172

6.2　Big Data Technologies　173

6.2.1　Big Data Acquisition and Pre-processing　173

6.2.2　Big Data Management　175

6.2.3　Big Data Analysis　177

6.2.4　Big Data Visualization　177

6.3　Big Data Systems　178

6.3.1　Batch Data Processing System　178

6.3.2　Streaming Data Processing System　179

6.3.3　Graph Data Processing System　180

Concepts　182

Terms　182

Reading　1 How Hadoop can be Used　186

Reading　2 A Multi-stage Filtering Strategy for Audio Retrieval　187

Reading　3 Transwarp Manager : Domestic big data management system　188

Multiple　Choice　190

True/False　Questions　193

Fill　in the Blanks　195

Reference　196

Chapter　7　198

Blockchain　198

Competencies　198

7.1　Concept and Development of Blockchain　199

7.1.1　The origin of the Blockchain　199

7.1.2　Blockchain and the modern industrial field　200

7.2　The Core of Blockchain　202

7.2.1　The consensus mechanism　202

7.2.2　Blockchain and Cryptography　204

7.3　Blockchain Applications　206

7.3.1　Blockchain and Energy Internet　206

7.3.2　Blockchain and Internet of Things　207

Concepts　209

Terms　209

Reading　1 Bitcoin and Ethereum　212

Reading　2 Blockchain and Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading　213

Reading　3 The Energy Blockchain In China　215

Multiple　Choice　217

True/False　Questions　219

Fill　in the Blanks　220

References　220

Chapter　8　222

Artificial　Intelligence　222

Competencies　222

8.1　History　223

8.1.1　Precursors　223

8.1.2　The Birth of Artificial Intelligence　224

8.1.3　AI’s Golden Years and Its Boom　224

8.2　Research Goals　226

8.2.1　The Short-term Goal　226

8.2.2　The Long-term Goals　226

8.3　Major Researches on AI　227

8.3.1　Deduction, Reasoning and Problem Solving　227

8.3.2　Knowledge Representation　228

8.3.3　Automated Planning and Scheduling　228

8.3.4　Machine Learning　229

8.3.5　Natural Language Processing　229

8.3.6　Robotics　229

5.3.7　AI Game　230

8.4　Applications of AI　231

8.4.1　Apple Watch/Siri　231

8.4.2　Google Atlas5　232

8.4.3　ABB’s YuMi　233

8.4.4　Leonardo’s Robot　234

Concepts　235

Terms　235

Reading　1 Virtual Reality　237

Reading　2 Knowledge-Based (Expert) System　238

Reading　3 Artificial Intelligence in China　239

Multiple　Choice　239

True/False　Questions　241

Fill　in the Blanks　242

References　243

Chapter 9　244

Internet　of Things　244

Competencies　244

9.1　Definition of Internet of Things　245

9.1.1　Origin of the Concept of “Internet of Things”　245

9.1.2　Common Definition of Internet of Things　245

9.1.3　Development of the Internet of Things　246

9.2　Technologies of Internet of Things　249

9.2.1　Wireless Sensor Network　249

9.2.2　Embedded System　252

9.2.3　RFID　256

9.2.4　Other Technologies　259

9.3　Applications of Internet of Things　261

9.3.1　Food　261

9.3.2　Health　261

9.3.3　Intelligent Home　263

Concepts　265

Terms　265

Reading　1 Classification of the Internet of Things　268

Reading　2 The Architecture of the Internet of Things　270

Reading　3 The Internet of Things in China　271

Multiple　Choice　272

True/False　Questions　274

Fill　in the Blanks　275

References　276